[NRC 131] Module 1

It is a social, cultural, and economic phenomenon that entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes.

What is tourism?

1. Undisturbed natural areas

2. Low impact

3. Socially responsible travel

4. Small-scale

5. Local community growth

6. Environmental Conservation

7. Environmental Education

8. Local people’s well-being

What are the 8 concepts in the development of the ecotourism concept?

Ecotourism

This type of tourism proposes to protect and conserve the ecology and biology of the destination.

Mass tourism

This type of tourism could pose potential harm to the natural, biological, cultural, and social environment. Ecotourism was expected to eliminate or reduce such adverse impacts.

resource management processes

The process of Ecotourism can be analyzed in different ways due to a number of?

1. management for utilization

2. eco-cultural management

3. institutional management

4. power-relation management

The emphasis of each destination may be through these types of management. These are?

1. Nature-based

2. Environmental education

3. benefits to local community and particioation

4. Sustainable development

What are the main characteristics of ecotourism?

Nature tourism

This type of tourism may lack mechanisms for mitigating impacts on the environment and fail to demonstrate respect for local culture.

Conservationist

This type of person limited understanding of business issues and an incomplete understanding of the management mechanisms that are available and necessary to ensure the sustainability of tourism in protected areas.

Tourism Operators

Often carried out their initiatives with an incomplete understanding of conservation issues and consequently have operated in an unsustainable fashion.

1. Nature-based

2. Ecologically Sustainable

3. Environmentally Educative

4. Locally beneficial

5. Tourist satisfaction

What are the five (5) principles of ecotourism?

Nature-based

Principle of ecotourism that involves the biological, physical, and cultural features of ecotourism?

Ecologically sustainable

This principle of ecotourism ensures that the type, location, and level of ecotourism use does not cause harm to natural areas.

Environmentally educative

Principle of ecotourism that is the distinguishing key element from other forms of tourism, which includes environmental education and interpretation.

Locally beneficial

Principle of ecotourism that involves socio-economic benefits for the community, improves the quality of tourist experience, generates income for resource conservation management.

Tourist satisfaction

This principle of ecotourism involves visitor satisfaction is essential to long-term viability of the ecotourism industry. The ecotourism experience should match or exceed the realistic expectations of the visitor.

1. Have a natural area focus that ensures visitors could personally and directly experience nature;

2. Provide interpretation or educational services that give visitors the opportunity to experience nature in ways that lead to greater understanding, appreciation and enjoyment;

3. Represent best practice in ecological sustainability practices;

4. Contribute to conservation of natural areas and cultural heritage;

5. Provide ongoing contributions to the local community;

6. Respect and be sensitive to the culture/s existing in the area;

7. Consistently meet consumer expectations; and

8. Be marketed and promoted honestly and accurately so that realistic expectations are formed.

What are the eight (8) postulates from World Ecotourism Summit in 2002?

1. Revenue generation

2. Local employment

3. Environmental conservation

4. Environmental awareness

5. Appreciation of local culture

6. Opportunities for inclusion of women, indigenous communities, and

7. Vulnerable groups in decision making and management of ecotourism areas (JICA, 2012; Drumm & Moore 2002)

What are the seven (7) benefits of ecotourism?

1. Environmental degradation

2. Inflation

3. Crowding

4. Loss of cultural values

5. Conflicts

What are five (5) costs of ecotourism?

1. Cultivate and enhance economic opportunities

2. Protecting and conserving indigenous knowledge systems

3. Fostering cultural celebrations like town fiestas

4. Enhancing local life appreciation

5. Empowering local people

6. Providing many opportunities for tourist involvement such as volunteerism and donation

7. Sound business management of ecotourism

What are the seven (7) recommendations to address the threats of ecotourism?

conservation and business

Which perspectives are essential to be combined for a successful ecotourism program.

conservationists, developers

In order for ecotourism to be successful, ___________ need a greater understanding of business considerations; likewise, __________ need a greater awareness of the management mechanisms that are necessary to ensure the sustainability of the activity.

Definitions of Ecotourism according to TIES (The International Ecotourism Society)

• Travelling to relatively undisturbed or uncontaminated natural areas with the specific objective of studying, admiring, and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals, as well as any existing cultural manifestations (past and Present) found in these areas (Ceballos-Lascuráin, 1987)

• Responsible travel to natural areas which conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people (The International Ecotourism Society, 1992)
  

• "Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education" (TIES, 2015).

Definitions of Ecotourism according to IUCN

Environmentally responsible travel and visitation to relatively undisturbed natural areas in order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and any accompanying cultural features - both past and present) that promotes conservation, has low negative visitor impact, and provides beneficially active socio economic involvement of local populations (IUCN, 1996).

Definitions of Ecotourism according to UNWTO

Ecotourism refers to forms of tourism which have the
following characteristics:

• All nature-based forms of tourism in which the main motivation of the tourists is the observation and appreciation of nature as well as the traditional cultures prevailing in natural areas.

• It contains educational and interpretation features.

• It is generally, but not exclusively organized by specialized tour operators for small groups. Service provider partners at the destinations tend to be small, locally owned businesses.

• It minimizes negative impacts upon the natural and socio-cultural environment.

Definitions of Ecotourism according to Philippines' National Ecotourism Strategy

A form of sustainable tourism within a natural and cultural heritage area where community participation, protection and management of natural resources, culture and indigenous knowledge and practices, environmental education and ethics as well as economic benefits are fostered and pursued for the enrichment of host communities and satisfaction of visitors.

larger scale, smaller scale, active, passive

What are the four (4) concepts under the 4 Classification Framework for Ecotourism Program

larger scale & passive

Classification wherein:

1. Higher volume; larger groups

2. Emphasis on interpretation

3. Services and facilities are expected (gardens, ecotourism villages)

smaller scale & active

Classification wherein:

1. Lower volume; smaller groups

2. Emphasis on personal experience

3. Few services are expected (ulugan bay)

larger scale & active

Classification wherein:

1. Higher volume; larger groups

2. Emphasis on personal experience

3. Some degree of standardization for trips and itineraries.

smaller scale & passive

Classification wherein:

1. Lower volume; smaller groups

1. Emphasis on interpretation

2. Services and facilities are expected (seascape tours)

Grand Tour Era

What concept in the history in the development of Ecotourism during the 17th & 18th Century involves the ff:

• Pre-planned multi-year journeys across Europe for Education

• Upper class young European men

Grand Tour Era on the natural world

What concept in the history in the development of Ecotourism during the 19th Century involves the ff:

• Emphasized discovery, education and novel experiences in nature

• Darwin, Wallace, Humboldt

Claus-Dieter Hetzer

In 1965, who explained the intricate relationship among tourists, the environments and cultures in which they interact?

Trans-Canada Highway

During the Mid 1970s, where were the ecotours operational and centered around?

Hector Cellabos-Lascurain

During the early 1980s, who was the first to coin the term "Ecotourism?"

1. Awareness to mass tourism impacts

2. Tourism development in developing countries

3. Alternative income hypothesis

4. Rise of global environmental movement

5. Awareness and creation of protected areas

6. Outdoor and adventure tourism

What are the six (6) major components influencing the rise of Ecotourism?

1. Marine Ecotourism

2. Land-based Ecotourism

3. Instructive Ecotourism

What are the three (3) Ecotourism forms and activities?

Marine Ecotourism

This form and activities of ecotourism involve:

• Marine cruising including sailing, yacht and power cruising

• Sea kayaking tours

• Freshwater river rafting, canoeing and kayaking

• Swimming and boating

Land-based Ecotourism

This form and activities of ecotourism involve:

• Bicycle Touring/Mountain Biking

• Horseback Trail Riding Hiking/Backpacking/Trekking

• Winter Tourism (Back Country/Tour Skiing, Dog Sledding, Snow Shoeing)

• Walking

• Camping

• Hunting

• Sight-seeing

• Cultural activities

• Observing wildlife and nature

• Skiing

• Visiting historical places

Instructive Ecotourism

This form and activities of ecotourism involve:

• Wildlife observation

• Hiking and trekking

• Canoeing and kayaking

• Cultural experiences

1. Eco-friendly accommodations

2. Volunteer work

3. Experiential tours

4. Responsible and ethical tourism

What are the four (4) Ecotourism activities that influence the preferences of many visitors

1. Tourism site

2. Tourist development area

3. Tourism development cluster

4. Tourism circuit

What are the four (4) spatial development units to consider in tourism development?

Tourism Sites

An area that contains one or more tourist attractions.

• Specific places which tourists come to see and experience.

• May be an existing natural attraction (e.g volcano); an area of natural scenic beauty (e.g national park); or man-made attraction (e.g heritage structure).

Tourism Development Areas (TDA)

Consists of at least one, but more usually several tourism sites.

• Can either have considerable existing tourism activity or have the potential for significant tourism development.

• Although these are not limited by geographical size, their boundaries correspond to administrative units —barangay, municipality or province, depending on size.

Tourism Development Clusters

Existence of a sufficient number and range of tourism sites with capacity to meet long-term development possibilities

- geographical size - large enough to contain extensive range of potential tourism products/experiences

Tourism Circuit

A route on which at least three major tourist destinations are located such that none of these are in the same town, village or city.

• Are not separated by a long distance. It should have well defined entry and exit points.

• Tour circuit of Albay

Tourist Attraction

A physical or cultural feature of a particular place that individual travelers perceive as capable of meeting specific leisure needs

• Positive or favorable attributes of an area for a given activity or set of activities as desired by a given customer or market including climate, scenery, activities and culture

1. Geophysical-landscape-aesthetic

2. Ecological-biological

3. Cultural-historical

4. Recreational

What are the four (4) types of tourist attraction?

Geophysical-landscape-aesthetic

What type of tourist attraction do these fall under?

Cloud formations
Meteorological conditions
Springs
Thermal waters
Volcanic activity
Celestial events
Mountains
Gorges
Rocks
Caves
Rivers
Scenic views

Ecological-biological

What type of tourist attraction do these fall under?

• Organisms (parts, behavior, aggregations, communities)

• Ecological events (decomposition, reproduction, predation, migration, fossils)

Cultural-historical

What type of tourist attraction do these fall under?

Churches
Historic houses
Open air museums
Craft centers
Marinas
Archeological sites
Picnic sites

Recreational

What type of tourist attraction do these fall under?

• Botanic gardens

• Recreation centers

• Theme parks

pandemic

• Remote and less-visited destinations

• Domestic travel

• Sustainable and responsible tourism

• Virtual ecotourism, live-streamed wildlife safaris, and virtual tours of national parks

• Health and safety protocols

These portray the state of ecotourism during the?

Ecotourism Market Trends

What do these portray?

• Rising travel and tourism activities

• Governing agencies focus on energy efficiency and water reuse

• Rising consciousness on global warming

• Growing environmental awareness and demand for sustainability

• Growing environmental awareness and demand for sustainability

• Government initiatives and conservation policies

• Competitive Landscape

Major trends in the forecast period for Ecotourism Market Growth Forecast

What do these portray?

• Tech integration for sustainable tourism

• Plastic-free initiatives and waste reduction

• Global collaboration for conservation

• Digital platforms for eco-experience

• Partnerships with conservation organizations.