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16 Terms
1
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, down a concentration gradient.
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2
Osmosis
The passage of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential, down the water potential gradient, through a partially permeable membrane.
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3
Concentration gradient
The difference in concentration between two regions.
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4
Turgor pressure
The pressure exerted by water inside the central vacuole against the cell wall of a plant cell, keeping it firm.
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5
Plasmolysis
The shrinkage of a cell's cytoplasm away from the cell wall due to loss of water.
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6
Crenation
The shriveling of an animal cell that occurs when it loses water in a hypertonic solution.
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7
Active transport
The movement of ions from low concentration to high concentration, against the concentration gradient, requiring energy.
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8
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
Includes concentration gradient, temperature, and surface area to volume ratio.
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9
Water potential
A measure of the tendency of water to move from one place to another.
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10
Dilute solution
A solution that contains a relatively high concentration of water molecules compared to solute.
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11
Kinetic energy
The energy possessed by particles due to their motion; affects the rate of diffusion.
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12
Partially permeable membrane
A membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally by specialized processes.
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13
Ion absorption
The process through which roots take in mineral ions from the soil against the concentration gradient.
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14
Temperature effect on diffusion
Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of particles, leading to faster movement.
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15
Surface area to volume ratio
A higher ratio increases the rate of diffusion due to more area available for particles to cross.
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16
Respiration
The process of breaking down food substances to release energy, needed for active transport.