Organelles and their Functions - Biology 9

What does the Nucleus do?

Contains the genetic information (DNA) for the cell and directs the activities of the cell.

What does the Chloroplast do?

Captures solar energy and converts it to chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates.

What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum do?

Synthesizes (makes) lipids and proteins essential for the cell membrane’s structure.

What are Ribosomes, and what do they do?

They are a site of protein synthesis (AKA they make protein) that links amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA.

What is the Plasma Membrane?

A structure that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It includes integrated proteins and carbohydrate chains that aid in the identification and transport of materials.

What are Lysosomes?

An organelle that contains enzymes that break down proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

What is the Mitochondria?

An organelle that produces energy for the cell (in the form of ATP) through the process of cellular respiration.

What is the Cell Wall, and what does it do?

Made of cellulose or chitin, this tough structure surrounds some types of cells to provide structure and protection.

What is a Vesicle, and what does it do?

This structure, along with the cell membrane, assists in cell transport (endocytosis or exocytosis).

What does the Golgi Body do?

Sorts, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids to be exported from the cell.

What is the Cytoplasm, and what does it do?

This aqueous portion of the cell (the inner fluid) contains water, ions, and organic molecules.

What is the Cytoskeleton, and what does it do?

These microtubules and filaments organize cell parts and provide structure to the cell.

What is the Flagellum, and what does it do?

This threadlike structure provides locomotion (movement) to some types of cells.

What is the Vacuole, and what does it do?

The storage organelle. Plant cells will maintain their turgor pressure (structure and rigidity) when this structure is filled with water.

How are cells created?

From the division of existing cells

What are Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes?

Eukaryotes are cells with a nucleus, and Prokaryotes are cells without.

Where is the DNA of Prokaryotes? (since they don’t have a nucleus)

It floats around in the Cytoplasm

What are the energy transfer organelles?

Chloroplast and Mitochondria

What are the production of proteins organelles?

Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Golgi Apparatus

What are the storage and recycling of materials organelles?

Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Vesicles

What are the support and movement organelles?

Cell Wall, Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagellum

What are the plant cell only organelles?

Cell wall and Chloroplast

What are the animal cell only organelles?

Lysosome and Flagellum (Bacteria)

What is the difference between vacuoles in plant and animal cells?

Plant cells have one large Vacuole that stores only water, while animal cells have tons of smaller ones that store more than just water.