Primary healthcare strategies and effectiveness

Oral rehydration therapy

Salt and sugar in clean water treats diarrhoea; cheap, effective, and can be administered by untrained staff.

Vaccination programmes

Campaigns like UNICEF’s polio immunisation reached rural areas; by 2014, polio was only endemic in 3 countries.

Barefoot doctors

Locals trained in basic healthcare; trusted and accessible in rural communities.

Charities

Organisations like Water Aid provide clean water and sanitation; pit latrines improve hygiene and crop yields.

Insecticide-treated nets

Provide a barrier and kill mosquitoes; must be retreated regularly and properly used.

Play pumps

Playground equipment pumps water; promotes self-sufficiency and community engagement.