CH.12 HISTORY VOCAB EXAM

the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

imperialism

a region in which a local rural was left in place but expected to follow the advice of European advisors on issues such as trade or missionary activity

protectorate

an area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges

sphere of influence

scholar who inspired resistance against corruption and European control; began an Islamic revival in northern Nigeria

Usman dan Fodio

military leader of the Zulu who united his people, setting off a series of wars in southern Africa

Shaka

governing a country as a father would a child

paternalistic

an African explorer and missionary who hoped to open the African interior to trade and Christianity to end slavery

David Livingstone

American journalist who trekked across Africa and "found" Dr. Livingstone in 1871

Henry Stanley

king of Belgium who set off a scramble among European powers for African colonies in the late 1800s

King Leopold II

1899-1902; a war in which the British defeated Dutch Boers in South Africa

Boer War

leader of forces fighting the French in West Africa

Samori Toure

reforming leader who tried to modernize Ethiopia, allowing it to avoid colonial takeover

Menelik II

a Sudanese man who announced he was the Mahdi, setting off resistance to British expansion in northern Africa

Muhammd Ahmad

provincial ruler in the Ottoman empire

pasha

a deliberate attempt to destroy a cultural, racial, or political group

genocide

father of modern Egypt; expanded cotton production, encouraged development, increased participation in world trade, and invited Western military experts to Egypt to help build a well-trained, modern army

Muhammad Ali

Hindu custom that called for a widow to join her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral fire

sati

Indian soldier hired by the British East India Company; rebelled in 1857

sepoy

the difference between how much a country imports and how much it exports

balance of trade

situation in which a country exports more than it imports

trade surplus

Indian reformer who founded Hindu University in Calcutta; sought to reform but not replace Indian culture

Ram Mohun Roy

the isolation of women into separate quarters

purdah

situation in which a country imports more than it exports

trade deficit

the right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation

extraterritoriality

a massive peasant uprising against corruption in the Qing dynasty; between 1850 and 1864, 20 to 30 million may have perished

Taiping Rebellion

the 1899 United States policy demanding open trade in China

Open Door Policy

the young emperor who attempted to bring reform to the Qing dynasty

Guang Xu

anti-foreign movement in China from 1898-1900

Boxer Uprising

also known as Sun Yat-sen; named first president of new Chinese republic in 1911

Sun Yixian