Powerpoint Chapter 6

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Psychology

15 Terms

1

Cognition

The activity of knowing and the processes through which knowledge is acquired and problems are solved.

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2

Piaget's Constructivist Theory

Theory that describes cognitive development as a progressive reorganization of mental processes resulting from biological maturation and environmental experience.

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3

Zone of Proximal Development

The gap between what a learner can accomplish independently and what they can accomplish with the guidance and encouragement of a more-skilled partner.

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4

Assimilation

The process by which we interpret new experiences in terms of existing schemes or cognitive structures.

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5

Accommodation

The process of modifying existing schemes to better fit new experiences.

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6

Object Permanence

The fundamental understanding that objects are permanent when they are no longer visible, which develops gradually over the sensorimotor period.

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7

Centration

The tendency to center attention on a single aspect of a problem, characteristic of preoperational thinkers.

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8

Conservation

The idea that certain properties of an object or substance do not change when its appearance is altered in some superficial way.

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9

Egocentrism

The tendency to view the world solely from one’s own perspective and to have difficulty recognizing other points of view.

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10

Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning

Reasoning from general ideas or rules to their specific implications, characteristic of formal-operational thought.

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11

Neoconstructivism

Theory suggesting that new knowledge is constructed through changes in the neural structures of the brain in response to experiences.

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12

Transformational Thought

The ability to conceptualize transformations, or processes of change from one state to another.

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13

Private Speech

Speech to oneself that guides one’s thought and behavior, important for cognitive development.

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14

Scaffolding

The support given during the learning process, tailored to the needs of the learner with the intention of helping them achieve higher levels of understanding and skill.

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15

Postformal Thought

A stage of cognitive development that is more complex than formal-operational stage, involving relativistic and dialectical thinking.

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