IB US History Unit 6 Test Review

Fort Sumter

First battle of the Civil War, April 1861.

Anaconda Plan

Union strategy to blockade and squeeze Confederacy.

Border States

Slave states that remained loyal to the Union.

George McClellan

Union general known for cautious tactics.

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general, commander of the Army of Northern Virginia.

Copperheads

Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War.

Ironclads

Warships covered with iron armor, used in naval battles.

Emancipation Proclamation

1863 order freeing slaves in Confederate states.

Battle of Antietam

Bloodiest single-day battle in American history.

Battle of Gettysburg

Turning point battle, July 1863, Union victory.

Battle of Vicksburg

Union victory that split the Confederacy in two.

Draft Riots

Violent protests against conscription in 1863 New York.

Hard War

Union strategy targeting civilian infrastructure to weaken Confederacy.

Sherman's March

Union campaign of total war through Georgia.

Appomattox Court House

Site of Lee's surrender to Grant, April 1865.

Reconstruction

Period of rebuilding the South after the Civil War.

Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan

Proposal for Southern states' reentry into the Union.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

John Wilkes Booth

Assassinated President Lincoln in April 1865.

Black Codes

Laws restricting rights of newly freed African Americans.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Granted citizenship and equal rights to African Americans.

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law.

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Divided South into military districts for Reconstruction.

Hiram Revels

First African American U.S. Senator, served in 1870.

Ulysses S. Grant

Union general and 18th President of the United States.

Freedmen's Bureau

Agency assisting freed slaves and poor whites.

Oliver O. Howard

Head of the Freedmen's Bureau, advocate for education.

15th Amendment

Prohibited denying the right to vote based on race.

NWSA

National Woman Suffrage Association, focused on women's voting rights.

New Departure

Strategy by suffragists to gain voting rights.

KKK

White supremacist group formed to oppose Reconstruction.

Enforcement Acts

Laws to protect African Americans' voting rights.

Greenbacks

Paper currency issued during the Civil War.

Sharecropping

System where farmers work land for a share of crops.

Morrill Land Grant

Provided land for establishing colleges in agriculture.

Redeemers

Southern Democrats who sought to regain control post-Reconstruction.

Depression of 1873

Economic downturn that affected the U.S. and Europe.

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction in exchange for resolving the 1876 election.

Homestead Act

1862 law granting land to settlers in the West.

Dakota War

Conflict between Dakota Sioux and settlers in 1862.

Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)

Agreement between U.S. and Native tribes for land.

Sand Creek Massacre

Attack on Cheyenne camp by U.S. troops in 1864.

Chief Joseph

Leader of the Nez Perce during their resistance.

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad connecting the East and West coasts.

Pacific Railroad Act

1862 law promoting the construction of the railroad.

Dawes Act

1887 law aimed at assimilating Native Americans.

Ghost Dance

Spiritual movement among Native Americans in the late 1800s.

Wounded Knee

Site of the last major conflict between U.S. troops and Native Americans.

William 'Buffalo Bill' Cody

Famous showman and bison hunter of the American West.

Annie Oakley

Famous sharpshooter and performer in Buffalo Bill's Wild West.

Frontier (Turner) Thesis

Argument that American democracy was shaped by the frontier experience.