IB Design Technology Topic 3

Conceptual Model

Exists to help us know and understand how to solve a problem using a model. Conceptual models exist purely in the mind.

Graphical Modeling

A visualization of an idea on paper in two or three dimensions.

Mathematical Modeling

Representation of data on paper. (Graphical)

2D Modeling

Length and width of an object. Does NOT contain depth. (Graphical)

Perspective modeling

Lines get smaller the further away from the view. (Graphical)

One point perspective

Drawing with one single vanishing point. (Graphical)

Two point perspective

Drawing with two vanishing points. (Graphical)

Three point perspective

Drawing with three vanishing points. (Graphical)

Isometric Projection

Shows dimensions of entire design WITH 3D drawings. (Graphical)

Orthographic

Shows dimensions of the entire design WITHOUT 3D drawings. Just includes base projections (Graphical)

Exploded Drawings

Shows placement or assembly of product. (Graphical)

Physical Modeling

Visualization of physical products. Allows for testing and presenting ideas.

Scale Models

Models scaled up or down depending on their size. Gives users an accurate description of a product that may be inconveniently size. (Physical)

Mock Ups

Used to gain feedback and test ideas. Usually has some form of functionality. (Physical)

Aesthetic Models

Developed to look like a product however DOES NOT FUNCTION. (Physical)

Prototype

Sample or model built to test a concept. SHOULD WORK/FUNCTION! (Physical)

Fidelity Range

Degree to which a prototype looks and functions like the final product. (Physical)

Instrumented Model

Type of prototype equipped with technology and or sensors that provides data about a certain product. (Physical)

CAD

Computer-aided-design

2D CAD

2D models. Adobe Illustrator.

3D CAD

3D models. Fusion 360, Sketchup.

Rendering

High quality images of a 3D design. Fusion Render Feature. (CAD)

Surface Model

Realistic Model, Photo realistic. NO interior details. (CAD)

Solid Model

Clear representations of the final model. Includes interior. Correct dimensions and volume included. (CAD)

Data Models

Data representations are created using a COMPUTER. Such as flow charts. (CAD)

Visual Prototyping

Involves surface and solid modeling to develop an interactive model/prototype. (CAD)

Bottom-up modeling

Designing all components separately and then combining them together. (CAD)

Top-down modeling

Designing all components together in one model. (CAD)

Digital Humans

Uses highly detailed digital humans to simulate real life testing of products. Commonly used in the automotive industry for safety purposes. (CAD)

Motion Capture

A technique that records the movements of real actors or objects and translates that data into digital models. (CAD)

Haptic Technology

Interface between humans and technology. Gives humans an interactive feel such as vibrations in a game. (CAD)

Virtual Reality (VR)

The ability to simulate a real life situation on screen an interact with it. (CAD)

Animation

The process of creating movement through the manipulation of objects or characters frame by frame. (CAD)

Rapid prototyping

Process that produces a complete product including internal details at a fairly quick pace.

Additive manufacturing

Material is added to material in a 3D space. e.g. 3D printing. (Rapid Prototyping)

Subtractive Manufacturing

Material is subtracted or milled from a larger block. e.g. milling metal, C&C wood. (Rapid Prototyping)

Stereolithography

Additive technique that uses ultra violet lighting in resin to create 3D objects. (Rapid Prototyping)

Laminated Object Manufacturing

Virtually sliced pieces of thin material stacked together to create a 3D model. (Rapid Prototyping)

Fused Deposition Modeling

Modeling using material in a soft state that hardens to become a 3D model. e.g. 3D printing, cement printing. (Rapid Prototyping)

Selective Laser Sintering

Fuses small particles of metal or plastic dust together into a 3D design. (Rapid Prototyping)

Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

A way to break down a big object into tiny pieces to see how it will react to forces and loads. (CAD)