Respiratory no2

I guess breathing isn’t an easy job

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system?
A) bronchi
B) oropharynx
C) bronchioles
D) alveoli
E) larynx

oropharynx

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following except the
A) lips.
B) paranasal sinuses.
C) nasal cavity.
D) pharynx.
E) nose.

lips

The respiratory defense system is important because it
A) helps warm the air.
B) keeps out debris.
C) helps filter the air.
D) keeps out pathogens.
E) All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the
A) glottis.
B) vestibule.
C) larynx.
D) pharynx.
E) trachea.

pharynx

The auditory tubes open into the
A) larynx.
B) nasopharynx.
C) nasal cavity.
D) oropharynx.
E) laryngopharynx.

nasopharynx

The nasopharynx is divided from the rest of the pharynx by the
A) soft palate.
B) cribriform plate.
C) pharyngeal septum.
D) hard palate.
E) internal nares.

soft palate

The nasal cavity is divided into left and right portions by the
A) hard palate.
B) cribriform plate.
C) internal nares.
D) soft palate.
E) nasal septum.

nasal septum

What is the function of the structures labeled "12"?
A) cause air to swirl within the respiratory passageway
B) help olfaction
C) improve warming of incoming air
D) create narrow passages
E) All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct

Breathing through the nose rather than the mouth is advantageous because
A) air is humidified on inhalation.
B) air is warmed on inhalation.
C) heat loss is reduced on exhalation.
D) water loss is reduced on exhalation.
E) All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

Which of the following is false about the pharynx?
A) The oropharynx connects to oral cavity.
B) It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems.
C) The laryngopharynx ends at esophagus opening.
D) Solids, liquids, and gases pass through.
E) The nasopharynx is superior.

It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems

The larynx contains \________ cartilages.
A) three paired
B) three unpaired
C) a total of nine
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers is correct.

All of the answers are correct

The vocal folds are located within the
A) larynx.
B) nasopharynx.
C) bronchi.
D) trachea.
E) oropharynx.

larynx

The visible and palpable prominence on the throat known as the Adam's apple is part of the
A) thyroid cartilage.
B) epiglottis.
C) corniculate cartilage.
D) glottis.
E) cricoid cartilage.

thyroid cartilage

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the \________ cartilage.
A) corniculate
B) epiglottal
C) arytenoid
D) cuneiform
E) cricoid

cricoid

The paired cartilages that articulate with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage are the \________ cartilages.
A) cuneiform
B) arytenoid
C) thyroid
D) corniculate
E) tracheal

arytenoid

Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces
A) articulation.
B) ululation.
C) speech.
D) phonation.
E) whistling.

phonation

The laryngeal cartilage composed of elastic cartilage that prevents entry of solids or liquids into the larynx when swallowing is the
A) thyroid cartilage.
B) cricoid cartilage.
C) corniculate cartilage.
D) arytenoid cartilage.
E) epiglottis.

epiglottis

During swallowing,
A) solids and liquids are prevented from entering the respiratory tract.
B) the epiglottis folds back over the glottis.
C) the larynx is elevated.
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers is correct.

All of the answers are correct

The opening between the vocal folds and the arytenoid cartilages is termed the
A) glottis.
B) epiglottis.
C) voice box.
D) cuneiform cartilage.
E) rima glottidis.

rima glottidis

Modification of the sounds produced by the larynx is known as
A) phonation.
B) speech.
C) articulation.
D) vibration.
E) amplification

articulation

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchi is the
A) bronchus.
B) alveolar duct.
C) trachea.
D) bronchiole.
E) laryngopharynx.

trachea

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are more likely to become lodged in the \________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.
A) left primary
B) right secondary
C) left secondary
D) right primary
E) None of the answers are more likely

right primary

Which respiratory organ features a cardiac notch?
A) right primary bronchus
B) left lung
C) right lung
D) left primary bronchus
E) both left lung and left primary bronchus

left lung

The \________ is a depression in the lung that allows attachment of the primary bronchi, pulmonary vessels, and other structures.
A) root
B) apex
C) cardiac notch
D) base
E) hilum

hilum

The sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the
A) falciform ligaments.
B) pleural spaces.
C) terminal bronchioles.
D) bronchioles.
E) alveoli.

alveoli

If you looked closely at a pulmonary lobule, you would see all of the following structures except
A) cartilage plates.
B) some elastic fibers.
C) alveolar ducts.
D) a lymphatic vessel.
E) a branch of a pulmonary vein.

cartilage plates

The condition of having low tissue oxygen levels is known as
A) anoxia.
B) hypoxia.
C) hypercapnia.
D) hypoventilation.
E) hyperoxia.

hypoxia

The technical term for "breathing" is
A) external respiration.
B) gas exchange.
C) pulmonary ventilation.
D) alveolar ventilation.
E) internal respiration.

pulmonary ventilation

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is
A) less than intrapulmonic pressure.
B) greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.
C) equal to the pressure in the atmosphere.
D) greater than intraalveolar pressure.
E) less than the pressure in the atmosphere.

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that
A) intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric.
B) they are equal.
C) atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary.
D) atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary.
E) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric.

they are equal

Which muscle(s) contract(s) to cause the movement indicated by the arrows labeled "6" and "7"?
A) internal intercostals
B) external intercostals
C) diaphragm
D) rectus abdominis
E) both rectus abdominis and internal intercostals

both rectus abdominis and internal intercostals

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,
A) the volume of the thorax decreases.
B) the lungs shrink.
C) the volume of the lungs decreases.
D) expiration occurs.
E) the volume of the thorax increases.

the volume of the thorax increases

\________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions.
A) Inspiratory reserve volume
B) Inspiratory capacity
C) Residual volume
D) Tidal volume
E) Expiratory reserve volume

Tidal volume

In quiet breathing,
A) inspiration and expiration are both passive.
B) inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.
C) inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions.
D) inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions.
E) None of the answers is correct.

inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive

The amount of air that a person can voluntarily expel after completing a normal, quiet respiratory cycle is termed
A) tidal volume.
B) inspiratory reserve volume.
C) total lung capacity.
D) expiratory reserve volume.
E) residual volume.

expiratory reserve volume

\_______ equals the respiratory rate × (tidal volume - anatomic dead space).
A) Pulmonary ventilation rate
B) Respiratory minute volume
C) Vital capacity
D) External respiration rate
E) Alveolar ventilation rate

Alveolar ventilation rate

Air remaining in the conducting portion of the respiratory system that does not reach the alveoli is known as
A) functional residual capacity.
B) respiratory minute volume.
C) alveolar ventilation volume.
D) minimal volume.
E) anatomic dead space.

anatomic dead space

Dalton's law states that
A) the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure.
B) in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.
C) gas volume and temperature are directly proportional.
D) gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional.
E) gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume.

in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture

External respiration involves the
A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) binding of oxygen by hemoglobin.
C) utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism.
D) exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and the interstitial fluid.
E) diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood.

diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood

Each 100 mL of blood leaving the alveolar capillaries carries away roughly \________ of oxygen.
A) 50 mL
B) 75 mL
C) 20 mL
D) 10 mL
E) 30 mL

20 mL

A hemoglobin molecule contains \________ globular protein subunits.
A) 4
B) 15
C) 6
D) 12
E) 2

4

Which of the following would be greater?
A) hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low
B) hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is high

hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues?
A) decreased temperature
B) decreased amounts of BPG
C) increased tissue P
D) decreased pH
E) None of the answers is correct.

decreased pH

For maximum loading of hemoglobin with oxygen at the lungs, the
A) P should be low.
B) P should be about 70 mm Hg.
C) pH should be slightly acidic.
D) BPG levels in the red blood cells should be high.
E) P should be high.

P should be low

What happens to a carbon dioxide molecule once it enters the bloodstream?
A) It dissolves in plasma
B) It is converted to a molecule of carbonic acid,
C) It binds to the protein portion of hemoglobin molecules within red blood cells
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers is correct.

All of the answers are correct

The movement of chloride ions into the RBCs in exchange for bicarbonate ions is known as
A) a bicarbonate exchange.
B) the Bohr effect.
C) gas diffusion.
D) the BPG pathway.
E) the chloride shift

the chloride shift

Asthma is
A) an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways.
B) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
C) characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli.
D) a collapsed lung.
E) an obstructive tumor.

an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways

The measure of how easily the lungs expand and contract is termed
A) rebound response.
B) compliance.
C) elasticity.
D) inflation index.
E) resistance.

compliance

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the \________ center.
A) dorsal respiratory group (DRG)
B) ventral respiratory group (VRG)
C) apneustic
D) pneumotaxic
E) All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

Higher brain centers that alter the activity of the respiratory centers include all of the following except the
A) limbic system.
B) hypothalamus.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) medulla oblongata.
E) None of the answers is correct.

medulla oblongata

If the dorsal respiratory group of neurons in the medulla oblongata were destroyed bilaterally,
A) pulmonary ventilation would increase markedly.
B) a person would stop breathing.
C) tidal volumes would increase.
D) the respiratory minute volume would increase.
E) alveolar ventilation would increase.

a person would stop breathing

All of the below are sensory stimuli that can modify the activities of the respiratory center except
A) chemoreceptors.
B) stretch receptors.
C) baroreceptors.
D) thermoreceptors.
E) irritant chemical or physical particles.

thermoreceptors

A 10 percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will
A) decrease the rate of breathing.
B) decrease pulmonary ventilation.
C) reduce the vital capacity by 10%.
D) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate.
E) double the rate of breathing.

double the rate of breathing

54) The term "hypercapnia" refers to
A) elevated P.
B) the cessation of breathing.
C) labored breathing.
D) elevated P.
E) an increase in pH.

elevated P

A period in which breathing has stopped, followed by a forceful expulsion of air is termed
A) apnea.
B) apneustic breathing.
C) respiratory distress.
D) anoxia.
E) hypoxia.

apnea

Which of these age-based changes is false?
A) Respiratory muscles weaken.
B) Vital capacity increases.
C) The lungs lose elastic tissue.
D) Costal cartilages become less flexible.
E) The lung's compliance changes.

Vital capacity increases

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from
A) uncontrollable laryngospasms.
B) inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus.
C) production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport.
D) inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus and production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport
E) All of the answers are correct.

inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus and production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport

The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms the
A) respiratory defense system.
B) lamina propria.
C) conducting portion of the respiratory tract.
D) respiratory mucosa.
E) mucus escalator

mucus escalator

Which of the following systems is responsible for gas exchange?
A) digestive
B) respiratory
C) urinary
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers is correct

respiratory

The respiratory mucosa of the conducting airways consists of
A) ciliated squamous epithelium.
B) surfactant cells.
C) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
D) simple squamous epithelium.
E) moist cuboidal epithelium.

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

The conchae
A) create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.
B) provide an opening into the pharynx.
C) provide an opening to paranasal sinuses.
D) form part of the soft palate.
E) divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side.

create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus

\________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting people of Northern European descent.
A) Congestive heart failure
B) Myasthenia gravis
C) MRSA
D) Parkinson's disease
E) Cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis

A mucosa consists of
A) an underlying layer of areolar tissue.
B) stratified squamous cells.
C) an epithelium.
D) both an epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue.
E) both an underlying layer of areolar tissue and stratified squamous cells.

both an epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is
A) bound to hemoglobin.
B) carried by white blood cells.
C) dissolved in plasma.
D) bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide.
E) in ionic form as solute in the plasma.

bound to hemoglobin