Chapter 10: The Respritory System

Four processes

Ventilation, external respiration, transport, internal respiration

submucosa

below mucus, contains lots of capillaries to warm and moisten air

Eustachian tubes

connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear

The larynx

A cartilaginous structure between the pharynx and the trachea, helps divide food and air to septum pipes

The lower respritory tract

composed of the trachea, the bronchial trec and the lungs

Goblet cells

produce mucus

traicheostomy

a breaking tube inserted into the trachea to make breathing possible

Active phases of ventilation

diaphragm and external intercortal muscles contract, diaphragm becomes flattened, ribs go up to size of thorac cage increases, lung volume increases

sudden infant death syndrome

infants go to sleep and suddenly stop breathing, cause unknown but is likely a miscommunication between the brain and lungs

Chemoreceptors

measure blood composition

Infections of the upper respiratory tract

Viral infections, sinusitis, tonsilitis, laryngitis

Acute bronchitis

infection of primary and secondary bronchi

Pneumonia

bacterial or viral, alveoli fill up with fluid

Tuberculosis

bacterial infection that leads to the development of tubercules

Restrictive pulmonary disorders

limit the capacity of the lungs

Obstructive pulmonary disorders

limit proper circulation (e.g., asthma)

Chronic brochitis

airways are inflamed and filled with mucus (often caused by smoking)