BIOL 1020 Exam 1 Q's

Which of the following is biogeographical evidence of continental drift?

a) the fossil, Archaeopteryx, that was discovered in Germany

b) Glossopteris, a fossilized seed plant, that has been found on every continent

c) nonfunctional pelvic bones found in whales and snakes

d) identification of fossils found in the top layer of sedimentary rock

b) Glossopteris, a fossilized seed plant, that has been found on every continent

Anatomical features that are fully developed and functional in one group of organisms but reduced and functionless in a similar group are called _?

a) analogous

b) homologous

c) embryonic

d) vestigial

d) vestigial

Cytochrome C is a protein associated with the electron transport chain of many organisms. The sequences of amino acids in a moth differs from a turtle’s sequence by 15 amino acids. The moth’s sequence differs from a human’s sequence by 30 amino acids. This evidence _?

a) identifies a common ancestor of humans, turtles, and moths

b) suggests that turtles evolved before moths

c) is a form of biochemical evidence that supports macroevolution

d) all of these

c) is a form of biochemical evidence that supports macroevolution

According to the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium model, which of the following will cause evolution to occur?

a) random mating in a population that sexually reproduces

b) the absence of mutations

c) a small population size

d) no migration of alleles/genes into or out of a population

c) a small population size

Potatoes and sweet potatoes that are eaten by some people and enable the plants they are associated with to store starch. However, potatoes are enlargements of rhizomes (a type of plant stem) and sweet potatoes are roots. As such potatoes and sweet potatoes are considered to be examples of _?

a) analogous structures

b) disruptive selection

c) genetic drift

d) homologous structures

a) analogous structures

From page 14 of “The Nature of Oaks” by Doug Tallamy, Oaks and blue jays are thought to have hit it off from the start; oaks made large nutrious seeds that are the perfect size and shape for jays to eat, and, in their attempt to store these seeds for long periods of time, jays became the quintessential acorn dispersers. Over the eons, jays became so dependent on oak acorns that they adapted physically and behaviorally to acorn traits. The small hook at the pointed end of a jay’s beak is designed to rip open an acorn’s husk and a jay’s expanded esophagus (its gular pouch) enables it to carry up to 5 acorns at once while in flight.

What process occurred to create these features of oaks and jays that complement each other?

a) artificial selection

b) genetic drift

c) coevolution

d) stabilizing selection

c) coevolution

If the weather in Knoxville changed to a very dry areas 9less than 10” of rain per year; currently Knoxville averages 50’ of rain per year) over the next several years, what change might occur?

a) the increasingly dry weather would cause a mutation in amphibians (like frogs) giving them the ability to produce shelled eggs that protect their embryos from drying out

b) amphibians would interbreed with reptiles (like snakes or lizards), resulting in a population of amphibians that can produced shelled eggs

c) if some amphibians can create foam nests that protect their embryos from drying out, their offspring would survive and ultimately, there would be more amphibians that can build foam nests

d) the number of all amphibians would dramatically increase in a year given the drier conditions

c) if some amphibians can create foam nests that protect their embryos from drying out, their offspring would survive and ultimately, there would be more amphibians that can build foam nests

Which of these is an example of stabilizing selection?

a) successful and long-lived cacti that produce an average number of spines

b) the preference for specific mate characteristics that prevent random mating

c) flower characteristics that correspond to characteristics of their pollinator animal

d) the amplification of certain phenotypes in a small population like polydactylism in Amish people

a) successful and long-lived cacti that produce an average number of spines

Which of the following may be experienced by some of today’s critically endangered species even if we are able to bring them back from the brink of extinction?

a) increased genetic diversity

b) fossilization

c) mutations

d) a population bottleneck

d) a population bottleneck

How can a specific age of fossils be determined?

a) which layer of sediment a fossil is in

b) enny, meeny, miny, moe

c) radioactive isotopes’ (like C14) decay

d) matching the fossil bones to current animal bones

c) radioactive isotopes’ (like C14) decay

Which of the following is the correct start of and order of events in the formation of life?

a) 3.5 - 4 BYA: organic monomers, organic polymers, polymers in a membrane, living cells

b) 700 MYA: prokaryotic cells, organic polymers, membrane-bound organelles, multicellularity

c) 8.2 BYA: organic polymers, polymers in a membrane, cell walls, organic monomers

d) 2.1 BYA: eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells, multicellularity

a) 3.5 - 4 BYA: organic monomers, organic polymers, polymers in a membrane, living cells

Brassica oleracea is a wild mustard species. It ultimately has been selectively bred to create brussel sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage. Which of the following is responsible for the development of these different kinds of vegetables?

a) stabilizing selection

b) binary fission

c) conjugation

d) artificial selection

d) artificial selection

Who is credited with the first explanation of how evolution might occur and what is the name of the theory/hypothesis?

a) charles darwin: theory of evolution by natural selection

b) lynn margulis: endosymbiotic theory

c) miller & urey: primordial soup hypothesis

d) jean-baptiste lamarck: theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

d) jean-baptiste lamarck: theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

The ability of a population to adapt to environmental conditions is dependent upon _?

a) a mutation that occurs when the environment changes to

b) the existence of genetic variability in the population and reproduction by the fittest organisms

c) intervention by people

d) the occurrence of a population bottleneck

b) the existence of genetic variability in the population and reproduction by the fittest organisms

Which of these describes or is associated with the form of speciation known as punctuated equilibrium?

a) many transitional fossils

b) selection for two distinct phenotypes

c) rapid periods of speciation

d) lots of small changes over a long period of time

c) rapid periods of speciation

Which of these statements correctly describes or is associated with microevolution?

a) changes in the gene frequency of an organism

b) hard objects like bones, nuts, and shells become petrified and part of a layer of sedimentary rock

c) Hardy Weinberg model can be used to determine if a population’s gene frequencies have changed

d) new species are the result of microevolution

c) Hardy Weinberg model can be used to determine if a population’s gene frequencies have changed

If the photosynthetic component of a lichen has ‘loose’ chlorophyll (that is not packaged in chloroplasts), it must be a type of _?

a) cyanobacteria

b) algae

c) plant

d) zooflagellate