West Civ greece and rome unit

Athens

location: in Greece, above Sparta but at the end of Greece

historical significance- were dominant over the city states after defeating Persia

enemies with Sparta, eventually was defeated by Sparta in the Peloponnesian War,

women weren’t a part of the democracy,

allies- Delian league.

democracy

philosophical

polytheistic

Corinth

location- to the left of Athens

allies with Sparta in the peloponnsean league

oligarchy

enemy was athens

trade and architecture

Sparta

location: to the left of Athens, lower the corinth and athens

enemies with Athens

main allies were the corinthians during the peloponnesean war

oligarchy

strong militia

beat Athens

Alexandria

location: on the bottom side of the medi. sea, near the nile and the sahara desert

founded by alexander the great

Nile River

location: under the medi. sea, next to the red sea, longest river in the world

many cities grew their civilization bordering the river because of how good of a water source it was

helped trade and transportation

Tiber River

location: near Rome, near the alps and the Italian Peninsula

where Rome got their water supply

gave trade easy

Danube River

location: above the Balkan peninsula, below the rhine river and the alps, starts at the black sea

acted as a natural wall for civilizations inside of the balkan peninsula, gave easy trade access

Roman Empire

Territory- north border: Hadrian’s wall at English/Scottish border

included: England and whales, Gaul, Iberian peninsula, Italian peninsula, Balkan and Greek peninsula, Asia minor, Tigris and Euphrates, Palestine, Sinai Peninsula, coastal regions of northern Africa

Roman republic

coined many inventions still used today

had different rulers in short periods of time

Alps

location: mountain range above the Italian peninsula, Rome, and to the right of the Iberian peninsula

acted as a wall for intruders from the north

Sahara desert

location: to the left of Egypt, in northern Africa

made it hard to expand

Rhine River

location: to the right of the alps, above the Tiber river

acted as a water supply, helped for trade, and acted as another wall for protection

Socrates

Greek philosopher who lived in Athens

he focused on self knowledge in his teachings

Plato

Greek philosopher who lived in Athens

Wrote the republic

Aristotle

Greek philosopher who lived in Stagira

taught Alexander the Great

Pericles

Greek politician

established the democracy in Athens

created the Athenian Empire

Phillip of Macedonia

father of Alexander the Great

restored internal peace to his nation

42 years of ruling

Aexander the Great of Macedon

son of phillip of macedon

founded alexandria

tutored by ariztotle

conquered many different city states and expanded his empire in his 13 year long reign

made a lasting impact on Rome

Etruscans

group of people

established a thriving civilization

Julius Caesar

dictator from 47 BC to 44 BC

assassinated

Octavian/Caesar Augustus

Became leader in the 30s BC

due to a struggle of power

senate gave him the name augustus

dies in 14 AD

birth of christ happened during his reign

St. Paul

Jewish roman and christian citizen

Reached out to non jews and transformed christianity into a broader religious movement

beheaded

Plebians and patricians

plebians were the lower class in Roman soicety

patricians were the higher class in Roman soicety

plebians had a right to vite, but it didn’t matter as much as the patricians

Christians

a religion

christians were persectuted by Romans ( rarely)

viewd as a superstitio- dangerous, private, secret, social blunder

took a lot of their parts from different cultures such as jewish temples, roman latin language, and greek western liturgy

gained followers at a fast pace

Constantine

Ruler in Rome

legalized Christianity

went into war with the Ecco Romana symbol for God

passed out the Edict of Milan legalizing christianity

started a new trend in the emporers, with all of the new ones besides one were christian

Peloponneasean Wars

War dividing the city states in two - sparta vs. athens

Sparta was victorius

lasted 25 years

caused the downfall of Athens

Pax Romana

means roman peace

taxes were raised during this time period

200 year period

economic prosperity

Birth of Christ

during reign of augustus

Jesus was alive for 33 years

Spread of Christianity

Paul wrote letters to Rome, Antioch, Damascus, Jerusalem, Corinth, phillipi, dphesus, thessa lonica, galatica, and colbesa

st pal was a missionary

reasons for the spread:

political:

roman citizens coud travel freely bc of the pax romana

physical:
roads made travel easy

teachings:

attractive to all citizens

gave a point to life

attracted philosophical geeks

social:
people lost faith in the roman state religion in empire

courage of martyrs inspired people

Democracy (direct democracy)

the peopel decide on policies without representatives

Monarchy

a government with a direct ruler at the top

Oligarchy

a small group of people having control

Republic

a country where power is held by the people or the representatives that they elect

Assembly

had power to reverse terms for alliances

had absolute power to pass and repeal laws

deliberated on the question of war

paid like clients

people got to decide outcomes of court

problem-wasn;t all democratic

Consuls

king elected by the assembley

1 year term

only patricians proposed new laws

two consuls

always accompied by 12 people for protection

problem- had almost unlimited power

tribunes

tribute was a title gven to various officers

milotary tribune: indicated seinor army rank

plebians trbute: the officers of plebian assemblies

they were able to sway legislation

problem- fought with upper class

Senate

300 senate

former magistrates who served a lifetime

handled advisory and finance

role in public finances

problem: only a few powers

parthenon

temple in athens

built as a shrine to the Gods

aqueduct

carried 200 million gallens of water to rome a day

had archs and tunnels

helped evryone, even the avg. roman

fresh water

roads

made out of a concrete substance

helped them cross through water

helped connect the city

Christianity influences

Jewish- temple of worship

psalms

Jesus

roman- valued order

latin language

diocese

biscillica

Greek- still greek in western literigy

Colosseum

based on two greek theatres

had trap doors

had water underground

tallest roman structure

could hold 70,000 people

Cloaca Maxima

flushes out Rome

very long

still functions

Via Appia

first highway in Rome

Should the relationship between Christianity and Roman culture & society be
characterized by conflict? Why or why not?

The rleationship between Christianity and ROMAN CULu=ture should not be characterized by conflict becasue of how rare and spread out the prosecutions were, and because of the change in relationship throughout the roman empire. The prisecutions of christians were very rare, and if they did happen they were local. There are only two main christian prosectutors, in which one( Nero) blamed a fire that he started on the christians. This caused in increase in persecutions, but all in all, they were rare. Also, their relationship status changed. When constatine became ruler, cjristians were accepted by rome. tHis tells me that the relationship between christians and roman culture should no be defined by conflict.

To what extent did geographic factors allow the Greeks and the Romans to
establish successful civilizations and even large empires?

Geographic factors allowed Greece and Rome to become successful civilizations by provided a protective barrier and givung them an easy surce for trading. The Alps, above the Italian peninsula, gave the Italian peninsula a wall to stop any incoming threats from the North( greeks and romans). The water sources helped for trading between civilizations. This shows that the access to a wtaer source and the antural barrier of a mountain range helped greeks and romans thrive and create larger empires

Factors contribute to the acquisition (gaining) and loss of power

military- they came up witha militia tribune to help them gain power, it provided protection for the city rome

The different leaders- the different leaders reigned for short amounts of time, giving the citizens confushed

political- they created a strong republic

There has been a struggle between continuity (things staying the same) and
change

political- they witcehd the amount of leaders, somethimes two, sometimes one

religion- they had the same religion and looked down on other religions

the rule of order walways stayed the same

there has been an ever-changing relationship between humans and the
environment (natural world).

the mountains provided a barrier pfor them

the wtaer provided trading routes for them

the floods and droughts of the nile