Exotics Final

What is the scientific name of the rabbit?

Oryctolagus cuniculus

What type of animal is a rabbit classified as?

Lagomorph

What are female rabbits called?

Does

What are male rabbits called?

Bucks

What are newborn rabbits called?

Kits

What is the term for rabbits raised for food?

Fryers

How do rabbits scent mark?

By rubbing their chin on objects

Can rabbits rebreed quickly after giving birth?

Yes, within 24 hours of parturition

How often do wild rabbits nurse their kits?

Once a day

Are rabbit kits precocial or altricial?

Altricial (born blind and hairless)

Are rabbits induced ovulators?

Yes

Why can rabbits not vomit?

Due to their unique gastrointestinal anatomy

What risk is associated with a rabbit's high bone to muscle ratio?

Increased risk of lumbar spine and long bone fractures or luxations

What is the term for rabbits eating their own feces?

Cecotrophy

What kind of hay is preferred for rabbit diets?

Timothy hay (low in calcium)

What is GI stasis in rabbits?

A condition where the gastrointestinal system slows down or stops

What causes "snuffles" in rabbits?

Pasteurella multocida or Bordetella bronchiseptica

What are signs of "snuffles"?

Conjunctivitis and mucopurulent discharge

What disease caused by Clostridium piliforme affects weanling rabbits?

Tyzzer’s Disease

What rabbit disease is associated with yellow diarrhea and high mortality in young rabbits?

E. coli infection

What causes ear mite infestations in rabbits?

Psoroptes cuniculi

What are signs of ear mite infestation in rabbits?

Pruritus, head shaking, head tilt, and stress

What is the common name for moist dermatitis in rabbits?

Blue fur disease

What causes blue fur disease?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

What parasite is known as "walking dandruff" in rabbits?

Cheyletiella parasitovorax

What is malocclusion in rabbits?

Overgrowth of open-rooted teeth

What is the proper method to restrain a rabbit?

Scruff with one hand and support the hindquarters with the other; tuck into the crook of the elbow

Where is the most common IV catheter site in rabbits?

Marginal ear vein

What sites are used for SQ injections in rabbits?

Interscapular region

Where can IM injections be given in rabbits?

Lumbar muscles or quadriceps

When is IO (intraosseous) injection used in rabbits?

When IV access is not possible and delay may affect survival

How can you determine the sex of a rabbit?

Dewlap presence indicates female; vulva is directly below the anus; ensheathed penis is also located below the anus

What is the scientific name of the mouse?

Mus musculus

What is the scientific name of the rat?

Rattus norvegicus

What is the scientific name of the gerbil?

Meriones unguiculatus

What is a common dental issue in rodents?

Malocclusion due to continuously growing teeth

What reddish substance do rodents secrete from their eyes?

Porphyrin

Which rodent does not have a gallbladder?

Rat

What is the most common cancer in rodents?

Mammary cancer

What causes moist dermatitis in rodents?

Build-up of Harderian gland secretions on the face

What causes Tyzzer’s disease in rodents?

Clostridium piliforme

What is the most common health concern in rats?

Chronic respiratory disease

What organism causes chronic respiratory disease in rats?

Mycoplasma pulmonis

What are signs of chronic respiratory disease in rats?

Porphyrin staining, rhinitis, otitis, respiratory issues

What happens if you pick a gerbil up by its tail?

Tail may slough off

What is the safest site for IV injection in rodents?

Tail vein

What muscle is used for IM injections in rodents?

Quadriceps

Where is the IP injection site for rats?

Left quadrant of the abdomen

Where is the IP injection site for mice and gerbils?

Right quadrant of the abdomen

Where are SQ injections given in rodents?

Skin tent behind the neck

Which vein is commonly used for blood collection in rodents (except hamsters)?

Tail vein

What other sites can be used for blood collection in rodents?

Saphenous vein and venous sinus

Animals that are born ___, are born underdeveloped and require significant parental care

altricial

What is the clinical name of infections of the feet commonly caused by wire flooring?

pododermatitis

Name two sites you would use to draw a larger blood sample from in small mammals and what size needle would you use?

jugular + cranial vena cava, 25g

What are two things you must discuss with clients about sun therapy?

Ensure they are in a secure enclosure + that they are not left out for too long because of the risk of hyperthermia

A ferret comes into the hospital coughing and sneezing

Snakes and most reptiles have

a three chamber heart but venous and arterial blood don’t tend to mix

If you were told to give an injection ICe, where would you put the injection?

into the intraceolomic cavity (abdomen)

What percentage of an enclosure’s floor space should the combined surface area of multiple turtles' carapaces not exceed?

25%

Why is clean water difficult to maintain for aquatic turtles?

Because they eat and defecate in the same water

What does "ectotherm" mean?

An animal that regulates body temperature by basking

What is the preferred optimal temperature zone (POTZ) for chelonians?

75-82°F

Why are cool water temperatures considered "death zones" for chelonians?

Because they can cause life-threatening conditions

Why do UV lights need to be replaced regularly?

They lose effectiveness over time

What is the scientific name for metabolic bone disease? Secondary Nutritional Hyperparathyroidism

What role does Vitamin D3 play in calcium absorption?

It helps calcium cross the intestinal tract into the bloodstream

What happens if a reptile does not get enough UVB light?

It cannot produce enough Vitamin D3, leading to low blood calcium and bone loss

What are symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency in turtles?

Conjunctivitis, swollen eyelids, nasal discharge, dyspnea, and ear abscesses

What are symptoms of excessive Vitamin A in turtles?

Dry, flaky skin, sloughing of the skin, and secondary bacterial infections

What should be done before repairing a turtle’s carapace from trauma?

Avoid rushing into repairs unless necessary

Why are turtles prone to respiratory infections?

They lack a diaphragm and cannot clear discharge by coughing

What causes gout in chelonians?

Kidney disease, dehydration, or high-protein diets

What are the three standard radiographic views for turtles?

Lateral, ventrodorsal, and craniocaudal

Why is inhalant induction impractical for anesthesia in turtles?

They can hold their breath for a long time

What is the best vein for blood collection in turtles?

The jugular vein

What is a major risk of intracoelomic injections in turtles?

Potentially hitting internal organs

What condition is common in desert tortoises and may require surgery?

Bladder stones

How many hairs grow from a single hair follicle in chinchillas?

Up to 90

Why must chinchillas gnaw on objects?

Their teeth continuously grow

What type of birth do chinchillas have?

Precocial

Why are chinchillas intolerant to heat and humidity?

They lack sweat glands and overheat easily

What type of diet do chinchillas require?

High in roughage, with quality hay and pellets

Why are chinchillas prone to trichobezoars (hairballs)?

They groom excessively and consume fur

What is the most common venous access site for blood collection in chinchillas?

The jugular or cranial vena cava

What types of lizards commonly require UVB lighting?

Insectivorous, herbivorous, and omnivorous species

Do carnivorous lizards require UVB lighting?

Not as much as other types of lizards

How far should UVB lights be placed from the closest basking surface?

18-24 inches

How can humidity levels be monitored in a lizard’s enclosure?

Using a hygrometer

How do chameleons and forest species typically drink water?

They drink water dripping from leaves or ornaments rather than from a bowl

What is CANV in lizards?

Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii, a contagious fungal disease also known as Yellow Fungus Disease

What are common consequences of dysecdysis?

Necrosis of the toes and tails, retained spectacles (eye caps)

What is tail autonomy?

A defense mechanism where some lizards can drop their tail to escape predators

What is the scientific name for ferrets?

Mustela putorius furo

Why do ferrets have a high risk of hyperthermia?

lack of sweat glands

What is a common anatomical finding during a physical exam of a ferret?

An enlarged spleen

What is unique about ferret ovulation?

They are induced ovulators

What happens if a female ferret is not bred while in heat?

They remain in estrus and can develop bone marrow suppression due to prolonged high estrogen levels

What is an adult male ferret called?

A hob

What is an adult female ferret called?

A jill