Adolescents and Social-Emotional Development

Flashcards on Adolescents, Sexual Media Content, Emotion Regulation, and Empathy based on lecture notes.

What is the central question during the 'Identity vs. Role Confusion' stage of adolescent development?

Who am I? Who am I not?

What follows the establishment of a cohesive identity in adolescent development?

Movement toward intimacy

What is separation-individuation in the context of identity development?

Adolescents work to create an identity that is different from their parent’s identity

Why is forming a friend group important for adolescents?

They are the people adolescents can relate to the most and will be there the longest.

List the Four S’s of Attachment

Seen, Safe, Soothed, Secure

What is alloparenting?

Being parented by people who are not your biological parents.

Where does attachment shift for adolescents?

From parents to peers/partner.

Define adolescent egocentrism.

Adolescents know that others have thoughts, but they do not understand the target of those thoughts.

What is imaginary audience ideation?

False sense of everyone is watching you and judging you when they really aren’t.

What is a personal fable ideation?

False sense of thinking they are special in a given situation.

What percentage of American adolescents report getting sexual information from peers?

45%

What percentage of American adolescents report getting sexual information from the media?

30%

According to a 2016 study, what was teenagers' primary source for information about sex?

Pornography

What is the relationship between exposure to sex-related media and adolescents' attitudes and behaviors regarding sex?

Exposure to sex-related media directly influences adolescents' attitudes and behaviors regarding sex.

How does porn exposure vary with socioeconomic background?

Porn exposure is more likely with adolescents in lower socioeconomic backgrounds.

How does porn exposure correlate with gender roles?

Males have more permissive personal sexual norms if they have been exposed to porn, and people who have viewed porn have less progressive gender roles.

What is sexual socialization?

Exposure to consistent themes about gender and sexuality can influence an individual's sense of what is expected, sexually, for males and females.

What is the central assumption of Cultivation Theory?

The more we watch TV, the more likely we are to believe that our own reality is consistent with television’s version of reality.

What is the central assumption of Social Cognitive Theory?

We learn through observation; actions followed by positive consequences are more likely to be modeled.

Define Sexual Scripts.

Symbolic guidelines for how to behave in certain situations.

What are the three steps of a sexual script?

Acquisition, activation, and application.

How does watching porn affect adolescent males?

Makes them more sexually active, more sexually permissive, more likely to engage in sexual harassment, and higher likelihood of engaging in oral sex and intercourse

How does watching porn affect adolescent females?

Makes them more sexually active, having less progressive gender roles, and higher likelihood of engaging in oral sex and intercourse

In what ways can adolescents socialize their parents regarding LGBTQ+ issues?

Adolescents mediate their parents' consumption of content that features LGBTQ+ characters via co-viewing/co-use, restrictive, or active mediation.

What effects does parental support have on LGBTQ+ adolescents?

Positively related to adolescents' self-esteem and weakly to lower depressive symptoms.

What is the relationship between parasocial relationships with LGBTQ+ media characters and prejudice reduction?

Parasocial relationships can reduce prejudice toward these groups among heterosexual viewers.

Define social development.

The ability to create and keep meaningful relationships with others.

Define emotional development

The ability to recognize, express, and manage emotions (and respond to others’ emotions in a positive way).

Name some ways to support children's social and emotional development:

Providing support/positive feedback, playing with children, describing emotions, planning opportunities to practice and learn social skills, listening actively, and teaching strategies for emotion regulation.

How do most parents use media for emotion regulation?

To distract children from negative emotions.

What effect does using media for emotion regulation have on children’s emotion regulation skills?

Negatively related.

Define affective empathy.

The ability to actually feel the feelings and emotional states of others.

Define cognitive empathy.

Understanding the emotions that another person might be feeling

Define sympathy

Feeling for – feelings of sorrow/concern for another person’s emotional state.

List some hypotheses on the empathy decline:

Reduced nonverbal cues online, anonymity online might loosen what is considered appropriate social behavior, and making friends/interacting online does not translate to offline social skills.

How is social media related to empathy?

Social media use was positively related to cognitive and affective empathy

What is forming a safe and secure relationship with someone, where you are seen and soothed if necessary, known as?

Attachment

What is personal fable ideation linked to?

Risk-taking behaviors

When an adolescent watches an episode of Sex Education and learns a new script for how to act in a sexual situation, what stage of the sexual script are they on?

Acquisition

What is negatively related to children’s emotional regulation?

Using media to regulate children’s emotions

Why are adolescents prone to excluding others?

Developmentally, they are concerned about group functioning

Why are young children (3-6) prone to engage in exclusion?

Developmentally, they sort people into groups based on visual characteristics

What kind of person will a 9-month old child prefer?

Someone who is mean to a person who is dissimilar from the child (e.g. dislikes the child’d favorite food)

What is an effective strategy to teach inclusion to preschool-aged children using television?

Add inserts (telling them what is going to happen before it happens) that help to explain the inclusive message of the show

Why can it be difficult to teach inclusion to younger children (ages 3-6)?

Because you are competing against evolution and development, which tell the child to form social groups based on visual characteristics