chemistry test 3 principles

single bonds are

sigma bonds

two sp

liner geometry

sp2

trigonal planar

sp3

tetrahedral

pi bonds result from overlap of 2

unhybridized orbitals with electron density away from nuclear axis

electron delocalization

electrons spread out throughout the molecule increase stability

bond order greater than 0

stable

bond order is less than 0

no net stability

the higher the bond order the

stronger the bond

bond polarity is how equally or unequally electrons are shared in a

covalent bond

nonpolar covalent

equal sharing of e-

polar covalent

unequal sharing of e-

polarity can be described using a

dipole vector

the larger the difference in EN the

more polar the bond

intramolecular are stronger than

intermolecular

the greater the molar mass the stronger the

intermolecular force

polarity matters when

masses are comparable

when liquid goes to gas

energy is added to overcome the IMF attraction

large energies are required to

disrupt ionic bonds

hydrogen bonds exist between hydrogen and

O,N,F

as molecular weight increases

dispersion strength increases

as surface area increases

dispersion forces increase

sublimation is

solid to gas

deposition

gas to liquid

boiling only occurs in an

open system

state of gas depends on

pressure

volume

temp

number of moles

kinetic molecular theory

each particle moves with different speed but average kinetic energy is constant if temp is constant

ideal gas law is

PV=NRT

N=

0.08206

What are the units within the ideal gas law

Liters, atm, mol, k

add 273.15 to c to get to

k

delta g is positive when

it is endothermic and nonspon

delta g is what

gibs free energy

negative delta h is

exothermic

positive delta h is

ednothermic

negative delta s is

nonsponatesous

2 electron domains is

linear

3 electron domains is

tringal planar

4 bonding regions is

tetrahedral

3 bonding regions and 1 nonbonding region is

triginal pyrmidial

4 bonding regions is

tetrahedral

2 bonding domains and 1 nonbodnign domain is

bent

s + p

=sigma

p + d =

pi bonds