Class 13: Constipation & diarrhea & incontinence

risks for constipation

activity and diet

metabolic

neurogenic

medication

somatic (emotional issues that a expressed with physical issues)

depression

constipation

Hard, slow stools that are difficult to eliminate; often a result of too little fiber in the diet

chronic use of laxatives can cause

the body to become dependent

constipation is less then_____ per week

3

barium enema (BE)

series of radiographic images taken of the large intestine after the contrast agent barium has been administered rectally

(also called lower GI series)

Valsalva maneuver

forceful exhalation against a closed glottis, which increases intrathoracic pressure and thus interferes with venous blood return to the heart

aka straining

fecal impaction

the prolonged retention and buildup of feces in the rectum

hemorrhoids

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

dilated portions anal veins

Fissures

normal or abnormal folds, grooves, or cracks in body tissue

rectal prolapse

rectal walls have prolapsed and can be seen outside of the body

if someone is constipated, small bowel movements

do not get rid of constipation

fiber rich foods

Beans, peas, bran, whole grain foods, and fruits and vegetables

prune juice is a

natural laxative

manual removal of stool can only be done by

trained professionals

diarrhea is more then

3 loose BM a day or more

inflammatory diarrhea

A diarrhea associated with pathogen invasion of the intestinal mucosa characterized by dysentery.

inflammatory bowel disease

inflammation of the colon and small intestine

s/s for diarrhea

a lot of loose stools

abdominal cramps

abdominal distension

anorexia and thirst

diarrhea is most commonly from

infections of the GI tract

a Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) test for diarrhea is necessary to

make sure eletroclyte and water balance is ok

what is the most concerning complications of diarrhea

dehydration

urine output after diarrhea would be

less then normal

if you have diarrhea you should avoid

caffeine

alcohol

foods low in bulk

fatty foods

oil

bowel incontinence usually is caused by

impaired functioning of anal sphincter or nerve supply

bowel incontinence is usually a s/s of

another disorder

Partial Bowel Incontinence

inability to control flatus or to prevent minor soiling

Major Bowel Incontinence

inability to control feces of normal consistency

risk factors for bowel incontinence

nerve damage

older age- weak muscles

female- after birth

dementia

physical disability

s/s of bowel incontinence

loss of voluntary bowel control

urgency and loss of control of stool

mucous leak out of anus at unwanted times

can be accompanied by constipation, diarrhea, gas, bloating, cramping, etc

embarrassment

anorectal manometry

measures the pressure activity of internal and external and sphincters and reflexes during rectal distention, relaxation during straining, and rectal sensation

interventions that are non pharmacological

pelvic floor muscle exercises

skin integrity maintenance

fecal incontinence devices

laxative foods

fruits and vegetables, bran, chocolate, alcohol, coffee

which of the following would be a common nursing problem for a client with a colostomy?

A. constipation

B. Bowel incontinence

C. negative body image

D. excess fluid volume

C. negative body image

a client has constipation. what is included in the education to treat and prevent constipation? Select all that apply.

a. hold urge to defecate for 30 minutes then go

b. drink 1000 to 2000 ml of water a day

c. increase fiber in ur diet

d. take etc laxatives as long as u need to

e. increase daily activity

C. increase fiber

E. increase daily activity

you should drink

2-3 L of water daily

how long can you take laxatives for

MAX a week