TFN MIDTERMS WEEK 3

SR. CALLISTA ROY

-        She was born on October 14, 1939.

-        Education:

YEAR	DEGREE
1963	Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing
1966	Master’s Degree in Nursing
1973	Master’s Degree in Sociology
1977	Doctorate in Sociology

OCTOBER 14, 1939

Sr. Callista Roy’s Birthday

ROY’S ADAPTATION MODEL

-        is a holistic nursing theory that presents individuals (or groups) as adaptive systems constantly interacting with their environment.

COPING SUBSYSTEMS

FOUR ADAPTATIVE MODES

STIMULI

ADAPTATION LEVELS

Core Components of Roy’s Adaptation Model

COPING SUBSYSTEMS

-        These are how people adapt to changes – either automatically or through thinking.

MODE	DEFINITION	EXAMPLE	INTERVENTION
REGULATOR (automatic body responses)	Involuntary physiological reactions of the body.	A patient’s heart rate increases when they feel anxious before surgery.	The nurse uses deep-breathing techniques to help the body return to normal.
COGNATOR (thinking, learning, emotions)	Involves thinking, learning, and emotional responses.	A newly diagnosed diabetic learns to check blood sugar and plans meals accordingly after health teaching.	The nurse provides health education and guidance to help the patient develop self-care skills.

REGULATOR

(automatic body responses)

Involuntary physiological reactions of the body.

A patient’s heart rate increases when they feel anxious before surgery.

The nurse uses deep-breathing techniques to help the body return to normal.

COGNATOR

(thinking, learning, emotions)

Involves thinking, learning, and emotional responses.

A newly diagnosed diabetic learns to check blood sugar and plans meals accordingly after health teaching.

The nurse provides health education and guidance to help the patient develop self-care skills.

FOUR ADAPTATIVE MODES

-        These are the main areas where adaptation happens.

CATEGORY	EXAMPLE
PHYSIOLOGICAL	After hip surgery, a patient needs pain control, wound care, and physical therapy to restore mobility.
SELF-CONCEPT	A breast cancer patient coping with changes in body image after mastectomy is encouraged to join a breast cancer support group.
ROLE FUNCTION	A father who becomes wheelchair-bound after an accident adapts his role from construction worker to home-based online seller.
INTERDEPENDENCE	An elderly widow receives emotional support from her daughter and community church group to cope with loneliness.

PHYSIOLOGICAL

After hip surgery, a patient needs pain control, wound care, and physical therapy to restore mobility.

SELF-CONCEPT

A breast cancer patient coping with changes in body image after mastectomy is encouraged to join a breast cancer support group.

ROLE FUNCTION

A father who becomes wheelchair-bound after an accident adapts his role from construction worker to home-based online seller.

INTERDEPENDENCE

An elderly widow receives emotional support from her daughter and community church group to cope with loneliness.

STIMULI

-        These are the are the factors that trigger adaptation.

CATEGORY	DESCRIPTION	EXAMPLE
FOCAL STIMULUS	Main stressor	A patient experiences severe chest pain (possible myocardial infarction).
CONTEXTUAL STIMULI	Other factors influencing the situation	The patient is overweight, stressed from work, and a smoker – all contributing to the chest pain.
RESIDUAL STIMULI	Background or unclear factors	The patient believes heart attacks are always fatal because of a relative’s past death, which increases anxiety.

FOCAL STIMULUS

Main stressor

A patient experiences severe chest pain (possible myocardial infarction).

CONTEXTUAL STIMULI

Other factors influencing the situation

The patient is overweight, stressed from work, and a smoker – all contributing to the chest pain.

RESIDUAL STIMULI

Background or unclear factors

Background or unclear factors

The patient believes heart attacks are always fatal because of a relative’s past death, which increases anxiety.

ADAPTATION LEVELS

-        This shows how well a person is coping.

CATEGORY	EXAMPLE
INTEGRATED	A hypertensive patient takes medications regularly, eats low-salt diet, and maintains normal BP.
COMPENSATORY	A stroke survivor uses a cane for walking – still functional, but dependent on aids.
COMPROMISED	A patient with uncontrolled diabetes develops kidney failure – coping mechanisms have failed.

INTEGRATED

A hypertensive patient takes medications regularly, eats low-salt diet, and maintains normal BP.

COMPENSATORY

A stroke survivor uses a cane for walking – still functional, but dependent on aids.

COMPROMISED

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes develops kidney failure – coping mechanisms have failed.

DOROTHY JOHNSON

-        She was born on August 21, 1919, in Savannah, Georgia.

-        She passed away on February 4, 1999.

-        She is the renowned American nurse theorist.

-        She is best known for developing the Behavioral System Model.

-        She helped shape nursing as a research-based discipline, emphasizing holistic patient behavior.

AUGUST 21, 1919

Dorothy Johnson’s Birthday, in Savannah, Georgia.

FEBRUARY 4, 1999

Dorothy Johnson Death

BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM MODEL

-        The patient is like a “system” of behaviors.

-        Each behavioral subsystem has a specific goal (what it wants to achieve), a set (the person’s predispositions), and a choice of behavior.

-        Illness, stress, or injury can disrupt one or more subsystems, leading to imbalance.

-        Nursing helps the patient return to behavioral stability.

SEVEN BEHAVIORAL SUBSYSTEMS

SUBSYSTEM	MAIN IDEA	EXAMPLE
Attachment-Affiliative	Promote security and survival through social bonds -         Builds trust and emotional connection.	A child holding a parent’s hand when scared in the hospital.
Dependency	Behaviors to seek help, approval, or attention -         Expresses reliance on others for support.	A patient asking the nurse for help in repositioning due to weakness.
Ingestive	Behaviors related to taking in food and fluids -         Addresses nutrition and appetite regulation.	A patient loses appetite after surgery. The nurse offers small, frequent meals and makes food appealing to encourage eating.
Eliminative	Behaviors related to excretion of waste -         Ensures elimination processes are supported.	A nurse assisting a stroke patient to use a bedpan.
Sexual	Behaviors related to procreation, gender identity, and intimacy -         Involves reproductive and identity aspects.	A couple discussing family planning options with a nurse.
Aggressive-Protective	Behaviors for self-protection or defense of others -         Defense responses against perceived threats.	A patient becomes irritable when someone tries to help them walk. The nurse recognizes this as a defense mechanism and explains assistance respectfully.
Achievement	Behaviors to control the environment, master skills, or succeed -         Involves goal-setting and skill mastery.	A patient in rehab is eager to walk without assistance. The nurse sets progressive mobility goals to foster their sense of achievement.

ATTACHMENT-AFFILIATIVE

Promote security and survival through social bonds -         Builds trust and emotional connection.

A child holding a parent’s hand when scared in the hospital.

DEPENDENCY

Behaviors to seek help, approval, or attention -         Expresses reliance on others for support.

A patient asking the nurse for help in repositioning due to weakness.

INGESTIVE

Behaviors related to taking in food and fluids -         Addresses nutrition and appetite regulation.

A patient loses appetite after surgery. The nurse offers small, frequent meals and makes food appealing to encourage eating.

ELIMINATIVE

Behaviors related to excretion of waste -         Ensures elimination processes are supported.

A nurse assisting a stroke patient to use a bedpan.

SEXUAL

Behaviors related to procreation, gender identity, and intimacy -         Involves reproductive and identity aspects.

A couple discussing family planning options with a nurse.

AGGRESSIVE-PROTECTIVE

Behaviors for self-protection or defense of others -         Defense responses against perceived threats.

A patient becomes irritable when someone tries to help them walk. The nurse recognizes this as a defense mechanism and explains assistance respectfully.

ACHIEVEMENT

Behaviors to control the environment, master skills, or succeed -         Involves goal-setting and skill mastery.

A patient in rehab is eager to walk without assistance. The nurse sets progressive mobility goals to foster their sense of achievement.