Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement

Satyagraha

A technique evolved by Mahatma Gandhi for non-violent resistance against injustice and exploitation.

Non-Violence (Ahimsa)

The doctrine of not causing harm to any living being, essential to Gandhi's philosophy of resistance.

Swadeshi

The practice of producing and using goods made in one's own country to avoid dependence on imports.

Champaran Satyagraha

Gandhi's first major experiment in civil disobedience in 1917, aimed at helping exploited Indigo cultivators in Bihar.

Ahmedabad Satyagraha

The 1918 strike led by Gandhi for mill workers, resulting in a 35% wage increase.

Kheda Satyagraha

A 1918 struggle led by Gandhi to support peasants in Kheda whose crops had failed and who could not pay taxes.

Non-Cooperation Movement

An initiative led by Gandhi where Indians peacefully refused to cooperate with British authorities to resist colonial rule.

Rowlatt Act

A repressive law passed in 1919 allowing for the arrest of individuals without warrant and restricting rights of individuals.

Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy

The horrific massacre on April 13, 1919, where British troops killed about one thousand Indian demonstrators.

Khilafat Movement

A movement initiated by Indian Muslims post World War I protesting the disbandment of the Ottoman Empire and seeking to maintain the Caliphate.

Civil Disobedience Movement

A mass protest led by Gandhi, initiated in 1930 against British laws, characterized by non-violent violations of certain laws.

Dandi March

The 1930 protest led by Gandhi against the salt tax, which symbolized the start of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin in 1931 that ended the Civil Disobedience Movement in exchange for some concessions.

Poona Pact

An agreement signed in 1932 providing representation for depressed classes within the general electorate in response to the Communal Award.

Impact of the Civil Disobedience Movement

The movement infused patriotism, expanded the freedom struggle's base, and emphasized the principles of non-violence.

Nehru Report

A report formulated in 1928 to counter the British claim regarding Indian disunity, proposing constitutional reforms.

Simon Commission

A British commission formed in 1928 with no Indian members, sparking widespread protests against its exclusion of Indian representation.

Round Table Conference

A series of meetings held in London between 1930 and 1932, aimed at discussing constitutional reforms for India.