exam 3 bio

what is an example of adaptive cell-mediated immunity?

a cytotoxic T cell destroying the virus-infected cell

B cells and T cells are

lymphocytes

Immunological memory results from the production of

memory B cells

Which of the following exhibit phagocytic activity?

macrophages and neutrophils

A phagocyte is a cell that

engulfs other cells and debris

In humoral immunity, cells that are produced by activated B cells and function by secreting antibodies are called

plasma cells

Antigens attached to harmless substances found in food, dust mites, pollen, fur, and some oils in plants that elicit an immune attack are called

allergens

Physical and chemical barriers that form the first line of innate defense include

all of the above

Rh incompatibility is due to an immune reaction in a pregnant woman to which of the following?

a foreign antigen on red blood cells

How does fever help fight infection as part of the innate defense?

all of the above

A Y-shaped protein that proliferates in response to a specific antigen and recognizes these antigens is a(n)

antibody

Why do lymph nodes often become swollen during an infection?

macrophages move to lymph nodes after engulfing pathogens

Which of the following can be a target of an autoimmune disease but is not considered to be part of the immune system?

pancreas

Which of the following is part of the adaptive, rather than the innate, immune response?

antibody production

In a process called __________, an army of plasma cells and memory cells are produced from stimulated B cells.

clonal selection

what are the adaptations that occur in C4 plants but not C3 plants?

light and carbon reactions occur in separate cells, ATP is used to move a three-carbon ferry molecule from bundle-sheath cells back to msesophyll cells, these plants function better in hot and sunny environments

Which of these organism(s) photosynthesizes?

plants, algae, and cyanobacteria

In addition to providing energy to the photosynthetic organism, photosynthesis also provides raw materials and energy for heterotrophic organisms.

true

The survival of most organisms is immediately threatened if they live at the site of a catastrophic forest fire, volcanic eruption, or dust storm. These events, however, can launch soot, ash, or dust into different levels of the atmosphere, measurably lowering available sunlight at locations thousands of miles from the site. The _________blank are most quickly and strongly impacted at these distances, with lack of growth and reproduction.

autotrophs, such as crops and trees

Discrete packets of kinetic energy in light are called

photons

The Calvin cycle produces ATP and NADPH.

false

The main product of the Calvin cycle is

a carbohydrate

In the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide molecules are reduced by the addition of electrons carried from the light reactions by

NADPH

What is a product of the electron transport chain started by photosystem II?

oxygen

The organelle that carries out photosynthesis in plants is the

chloroplast

Which of these groups represents organisms that are heterotrophs?

microorganisms that consume organic carbon for energy

Which plants keep their stomata open only at night?

CAM

Burning a log is an example of a combustion reaction. This type of reaction is a reverse reaction of photosynthesis. Based on this information, what products would be formed from burning a log?

carbon dioxide and water

For most lawn grasses to grow well in hot, dry weather, they must be watered so that their stomata will remain open for longer periods of time to let in O2.

false

Rubisco combines ribulose bisphosphate with carbon from

carbon dioxide

In this cross section of a typical plant leaf, the ______ are where photosynthesis takes place.

mesophyll cells

The energy sources needed for the light reactions and the carbon reactions, respectively, are

sunlight and ATP

Organisms that make their own organic compounds from inorganic substances are called

autotrophs

The membrane studded with photosynthetic pigments in plant cells is the

thylakoid

In photosystem II of photosynthesis, the H2O molecules are split to form a proton gradient and put electrons in the electron transport chain. This step indicates H2O is initially

oxidized

When NADP+ _________blank in the light cycle it is _________blank, forming NADPH

accepts electrons; reduced

C₄ plants and CAM plants fix carbon twice during the photosynthetic reactions.

true

The primary pigment molecule needed for photosynthesis is

chlorophyll a

Photosystem I harnesses the energy that is used to produce

NADPH

The main product of the Calvin cycle is

a carbohydrate

How do C4 plants minimize photorespiration?

Carbon dioxide is fixed twice in different cells. The Calvin cycle occurs in the bundle sheath cells where oxygen concentrations are lower

In the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide molecules are reduced by the addition of electrons carried from the light reactions by

NADPH