Parts of the eye (Physiology of Disabilities)

Conjunctiva

thin membrane that covers the sclera and contains tiny blood vessels

Sclera

The white outer layer of the eyeball, providing protection and structure

Cornea

Tough clear covering of the anterior eyeball that covers the pupil and iris (where people put contacts

Iris

Colored part of the eye but also a muscle that can constrict and dilate to control the amount of light that enters the eye

Pupil

The opening in the iris through which the light enters the eye

Lens

A clear elastic biconcave lens that helps focus light onto the retina

Macula

Area of retina with highest density of cones; no rods

Rods

Specialized photoreceptor cells that sees black and white in low-resolution

Cones

Specialized photoreceptor cells in the retina that detect color and provide high-resolution vision

Optic nerve

A paired cranial nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain

Primary vision area

The part of the brain responsible for processing visual information received from the optic nerve, located in the occipital lobe

Visual association area

The region of the brain that integrates and interprets visual information, allowing for recognition and understanding of visual stimuli