Anesthesia of Large Animals, Rodents, and Rabbits

Demand Valve

A valve attached to the ET tube during recovery that is used to deliver oxygen to the patient at a very high flow rate (160-280 L/min)

Field Anesthesia

General anesthesia performed away from the veterinary hospital at a farm or stable typically using TIVA

Insufflation

Provision of oxygen via placement of an oxygen supply tube inside an ET tube, nasopharyngeal tube, or nostril

Myopathy

Muscle disease; damage to the muscles caused by excessive pressure on the dependent muscle tissue or insufficient blood flow to muscle during anesthesia; manifests in recovery as muscle hardness, pain, weakness, and stiffness; aka “tying up”

Neuropathy

Disease or injury to a peripheral nerve; caused by inadequate padding and patient positioning during anesthesia; manifests in recovery as a drooping eyelid and lip on the affected side (facial nerve) or inability to fully extend the affected forelimb (radial nerve)

Standing Chemical Restraint

The continuation or extention of sedation where general anesthesia is not the goal; the level of consciousness may change from light to heavy sedation and is gauged by interest in environment, head position, and stance

Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch

A lack of equality in the quantity of oxygen that reaches the alveoli per minute and the volume of blood that perfuses the alveoli per minute; results in alveoli that are oxygenated but are not perfused and/or alveoli that are perfused but are atelectatic and not oxygenated

Porcine Stress Syndrome

Malignant hyperthermia; a hereditary, metabolic condition of swine caused by a mutation in one or the genes that controls calcium metabolism in muscle fibers; occurs in affected swine in response to some anesthetic agents especially inhalants; causes muscle rigidity, rapid rise in temperature, hypercapnia, hyperkalemia, and death

Total Injectable Anesthesia

Induction and maintenance of anesthesia by IM injection of anesthetic agent or a combination of agents with no concurrent use of inhalant agents; commonly used in swine