Bio 110 Matkin Exam 2 Practice

2H2 + O2 --> 2 H2O

identify reactants

Both A and B

3 multiple choice options

2H2 + O2 --> 2 H2O

identify the products

H2O

3 multiple choice options

what is metabolism?

sum of all chemical reactions in an organism

what type of energy is stored in chemical bonds?

chemical potential energy

does lowering entropy require energy?

yes

1 multiple choice option

animal cells take up glucose via transport proteins in the cell membrane, and use that glucose to generate ATP via both substrate level phosphorylation and chemiosmosis. What type of process is this statement describing?

catabolism

animal cells take up glucose via transport proteins in the cell membrane, and use that glucose to generate ATP via both substrate level phosphorylation and chemiosmosis. what specific process is the statement pertaining to?

cellular respiration

list the stages of cellular respiration in order

glycolysis, breakdown of pyruvate, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

which statements are true

- endergonic reactions are not spontaneous

- exergonic reactions are spontaneous

can enzyme speed up ^ G?

no

what reaction do cells use to drive reactions?

atp hydrolysis

biological molecules that have catalytic properties

Proteins and nucleic acid

what happens to ^ G when an enzyme speeds up a reaction?

nothing

transition state

unstable state of substrate before it becomes a product

energy that required to start a reaction

activation energy

where does a substrate bind to an enzyme?

the active site

where does a non competitive inhibitor bind to an enzyme?

the allosteric site

state when enzyme and substrate bonded together?

enzyme - substrate complex

which statement does not describe specificity of enzyme?

any substrate can bind to an enzyme, resulting in different products

3 multiple choice options

does non competitive inhibition impact Km?

no

what is the difference between substrate level phosphorylation and chemiosmosis?

substrate level phosphorylation is when enzyme directly transfers a phosphate onto ATP, while chemiosmosis is when energy is stored in an electrical gradient to make ATP

how are cell recycles organic molecules?

- mRNA gets degraded to recycle nucleic acids

- ubiquitin tags proteins to be tagged for breakdown/recycle

- lysosomes break down organic molecules

Xe- + Y --> X + Ye- what is the reducing agent?

Xe-

Xe- + Y --> X + Ye- what is being reduced?

Y

in cellular respiration, what molecules act as an electron carrier?

NADH

what does aldolase do in glycolysis?

cleaves fructose-1, 6-phosphate into DHAP and G3P

where does glycolysis take place?

cytoplasm

how much ATP is invested in the investment phase of glycolysis?

2

what are the end produce of glycolysis?

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, and 4 ATP

where is the breakdown of pyruvate taking place in the cell?

mitochondrial matrix

what is the key enzyme in the breakdown of pyruvate?

pyruvate dehydrogenase

how many carbon does acetyl CoA have?

2

in the citric acid cycle, acetyl CoA binds to __________ to form _______

oxaloacetate; citrate

what are the products of the citric acid cycle per pyruvate?

2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2

does oxidative phosphorylation require oxygen in animal cells?

yes

where is the ETC located?

inner mitochondrial membrane

where are protons higher in concentration in the ETC?

in the intermembrane space

how are electrons carried within the ETC?

series of redox reaction

what is the final electron acceptor in animal cells?

O2

by which process does ATP synthase produced ATP?

chemeosmosis

in all of cellular respiration, how much net ATP is formed via substrate level phosphorylation per glucose?

4

what part of fatty acid can be modified and inserted into the cellular respiration process?

Glycerol

what products of the breakdown of pyruvate are generated in the anaerobic environment?

lactate

what molecule is accumulated if fermentation occur. High level of this molecule result in the production of free radicals

NADH

what human cells uses lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP?

muscle cells

what type of process is photosynthesis?

anabolic

what type of troph are you>

heterotroph

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

stroma

what are grana made up of?

thylakoids

list stages of cellular respiration in order

glycolysis, breakdown of pyruvate, citrate acid cycle, oxidation phosphorylation

t/f: plants can both synthesize glucose and break it down

true

t/f: oxidative phosphorylation doesn't require oxygen in animal cells

false

How many carbons does acetyl-CoA have?

2

What type of process is cellular respiration?

catabolic

Where are protons higher in concentration in the ETC?

intermembrane space

Where is the electron transport chain (ETC) located?

inner mitochondrial membrane

True or false: Endergonic reactions are spontaneous

false

What happens to ∆G when an enzyme speeds up a reaction?

nothing

What does hexokinase do in glycolysis?

converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate

True or false: Exergonic reactions are non-spontaneous

false

Which of the following terms refers to the energy required to start a reaction?

activation energy

Where does a substrate bind to an enzyme?

active site

True or false: Endergonic reactions are non-spontaneous

true

Fill in the blanks: In the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA binds to ________ to form ________.

oxaloacetate; citrate

Where is the breakdown of pyruvate taking place in the cell?

mitochondrial matrix

What are the end products of glycolysis?

2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

What does aldolase do in glycolysis?

cleaves fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into G3P and DHAP

how many carbon does pyruvate have?

3 carbons

what type process is photosynthesis?

anabolic

Where are protons lower in concentration in the ETC?

in the mitochondrial matrix

how is ATP generated in glycolysis?

substrate-level phosphorylation

What reaction do cells use to drive reactions?

ATP hydrolysis

What type of energy is stored in chemical bonds?

chemical potential energy

stages of glycolysis in order

energy investment, cleavage, energy liberation

By which process does ATP synthase generate ATP?

chemiosmosis

Does lowering entropy require energy?

yes

What does isomerase do in glycolysis?

convert DHAP to G3P