genetics chapter 15

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constitutive

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Description and Tags

regulation of gene expression in bacteria

34 Terms

1

constitutive

____ enzymes are ones that are always constantly being produced (rRNA)

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2

adaptive

_____ enzymes are ones that are only made when needed

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3

inducible

_____ transcription: production is ‘on’ when a inducer is present

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4

repressive

_____ transcription: production is ‘off’ when a product is present

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5

operon

single transcriptional unit, one promoter, series of multiple genes (multiple shine-delgarno’s)

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6

transcriptional

________ control: can be negative or positive

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7

negative

_____ means there is a repressor used (may be initially on or have to be added)

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8

positive

_____ means there is an activator used (may be initially and removed or have to be added)

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9

inducible, repressor

With a negative ______ operon, the _______ initially blocks the RNA polymerase from binding

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10

repressible, repressor

With a negative _______ operon, the ____ comes in later to block the RNA polymerase from binding

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11

repressible, activator

With a positive _______ operon, the ______ is initially there to keep the process going.

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12

inducible, activator

With a negative _____ operon, the ________ comes in later to start the process.

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13

Jacob, monod

Discovered the operon model, found lactose metabolism and the lac operon

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14

negative inducible

The lac operon is _____ _____ (normally off, repressor)

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15

alloactose

For the lac operon, what binds with the repressor so that it can complete transcription?

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16

catabolite

______ repression: when bacteria metabolize glucose they repress genes required to metabolize other sugars if glc is present.

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17

cap

catabolite activator protein, enhances RNA pol binding to promoter (with cAMP)

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18

regulate

glucose levels _____ cAMP levels.

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19

no

when glucose is present in the lac operon, does translation or transcription usually happen? (bc cAMP will not bind w cap)

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20

sigma

cap and camp help ___ find the promoter which helps increase translation and transcription

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21

merozygotes

How did Jacob and Monod find out about the operon? (what did they use)

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22

no

Does transcription happen if the sequence or operater is altered?

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23

cannot

When the operator is mutated the activator or repressor _____ bind!

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24

repressor

a super _____ means that even tho lactose binds, the repressor doesn’t come off

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25

repressible

the trp operon is _______

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26

UTR

One nesscary component of attunation is the 5’ ___ (upstream from genes)

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27

off

the tryptophan can cut itself ___ by an excess of product

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28

attenuation

only in proks, the premature termination of transcription!

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29

2/3

in attenuation, if the trp is low, the ribosome is slow to get the trp tRNA and so the ___ region interact because transcription occurs so fast while the ribosome is lagging.

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30

3/4

in attenuation, if the trp is high, the ribosome is fast to reach region 2 and so the regions __ interact.

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31

operator

Both attenuation and repression are occurring at the ____ and they have a 600 time reduction together.

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32

riboswitches

alternative secondary structure in the 5’ UTR of mRNA that impact gene expression

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33

noncoding

some prokaryotes have small _____ RNA which interact to either help or prevent translation

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34

processing

____ of a protein can affect it’s ability to function and its transportation to parts of cell.

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