Psyc 273 - Psychopathology

For a tricyclic antidepressant drug, the term "tricyclic" refers to…

3 benzene ring chemical structure

After abusing amphetamines for an extended period of time, users frequently develop a tolerance. This means that they require larger doses to experience the desired drug effect. What side effect may also occur?

Substance-induced psychotic disorder 

As discussed in  class, prolonged treatment with antipsychotics may lead to which of the following?

Drug-induced parkinsonism

Studies have evidence that people with depression exhibit _____ activation in the _____ when interpreting emotions.

increased; amygdala

_____ is one of the most well-evidenced treatments for depression.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Sarah has a history of adverse childhood experiences, while Nick does not. If both these individuals are exposed to a traumatic event which of the following statements is supported, based on the research evidence discussed in class?

Sarah is more likely than Nick to develop PTSD

What effect do benzodiazepines have on GABA synapses?

Enhancement of GABA-mediated inhibition

Exposure to glutamate inhibiting drugs would be MOST likely to cause psychotic symptoms in which group?

College age students

Bipolar disorder is often treated with… 

Lithium 

Electroconvulsive shock therapy…

is used for treatment resistant depression

What was one of the first examples that mental disorders may be caused by physiological changes?

Paralytic dementia was linked to syphilis

Which of the follow does NOT act as a monoamine agonist?

Butyrophenone antipsychotics

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing schizophrenia? 

• genetic heritability

• living in a larger city

• low birth weight

• all of the above 

Darrell has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and while his symptoms fluctuate often, his wife Anne has noticed lately that he has been isolating himself, seems quiet and emotionless, and is having a hard time getting tasks done around the house. This absence of healthy behaviors is an example of ________ in individuals with schizophrenia.

Negative symptoms

Pop star Demi Lovato has been open about her struggles with bipolar disorder. Based on the text, which of the following treatments might be used to manage her condition?

Lithium

Lena and Nora are identical twins. Lena was diagnosed with depression 6 months ago, and Nora is afraid that she will also develop schizophrenia. What are the chances that Nora may have depression?

40% chance

Someone with schizophrenia… 

may still have positive symptoms, even while on medication 

SSRIs work to as a _____ in the brain.

serotonin agonist 

What pattern of activity in someone with an untreated anxiety disorder exposed to a stressful situation is likely to occur?

higher activity in the amygdala

Liam Neeson gives a presentation in class and receives feedback from 15 peer reviews. The majority of reviews are positive, but one states that Liams presentation was "absolutely terrible." Later, when talking to a friend about the presentation Liam Neeson says that it went poorly and his classmates hated it. What phenomenon is likely causing Liam to think this?

Negativity bias

Exposure to glutamate inhibiting drugs would be LEAST likely to cause psychotic symptoms in which group?

Elementary aged children

Research shows that the prevalence of schizophrenia is _____ in the immediate family members of individuals with the disorder compared to those who are more distantly related.

greater

_____ and _____ act on serotonin and norepinephrine.

Tricyclics; SNRIs

Which of the following is a NEWLY APPROVED treatment for depression?

Ketamine (esketamine)

Considering the case of Angelina Jolie, who became a mother later in life, how might the age of her partner at the time of conception potentially influence the risk of schizophrenia in their children?

Older paternal age increases the risk

In the hit TV show “This Is Us,” the character Randall experiences periods of severe anxiety and depression. If Randall were to seek treatment, which of the following might be most effective according to the text?

Both SSRIs and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy together

Jasper was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia after having experienced multiple hallucinations and delusions. Which dimension do his symptoms best represent?

Positive symptoms 

Lesioning the _____ is one technique used to create an animal model of depression.

Occipital lobe

Which of the following is correct, in regards to the causes of schizophrenia?

Decreased glutamate leads to increased dopamine

Which of the following are common symptoms of major depressive disorder?

• weight gain

• weight loss

• suicidal ideation

• all of the above

Frequency thoughts about germs are an example of a(n) ____, where as counting is an example of a(n) ______.

obsessions; compulsions

Long-term treatment with l-dopa to control the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease has been associated with the development of…

schizophrenia like symptoms.

According to the textbook, traditional neuroleptics may lead to… 

tardive dyskinesia.

Both OCD and Tourette's syndrome involve abnormal activity of the… 

basal ganglia. 

If Robert Downey Jr., who has a history of drug use, were to use Phencyclidine (PCP), how might this impact his mental state according to the text?

It could induce a state resembling both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

According to the textbook, which of the following is the least risk factor for schizophrenia?

Living in rural area

Bruce Springsteen has been diagnosed with treatment resistant depression after being on multiple antidepressant drugs. His doctor suggests he try _____ treatment, a technique involving stimulation of the cortex via focused magnetic pulses through the scalp.

rTMS

Tricyclics (e.g., Desipramine, Amoxapine) are…

serotonin and norepinephrine agonists.

SSRIs (e.g., Lexapro, Prozac, Zoloft) are…

serotonin agonists.

Barbiturates (e.g., Xanax) are…

GABA agonists.

Butyrophenone Antipsychotics (e.g., Haloperidol) are…

dopamine antagonists.

SNRIs (e.g., Cymbalta, Effector) are… 

serotonin and norepinephrine agonists.