APUSH Period 7 Review

William Jennings Bryan

• Nebraska congressmen and free silver advocate who defended farmers and workers and attacked gold standard

• Nominated by Democrats after rejecting Cleveland

• Advocated against imperialism, elitism

• Progressive

Philippines/U.S. Imperialism Late 1800s- Early 1900s

• Treaty of Paris in 1898 ended Spanish-American War and gave Philippines to the U.S.

• Philippine American War caused high casualties, including 200,000 Filipinos due to famine and disease

• U.S. established colonial government in Philippines in order to assimilate Filipinos into American society

Ida Tarbell

• Investigative journalist and leading muckraker in the Progressive Era

• Critical writings about monopolistic practices of Standard Oil Company

• Published The History of Standard Oil Company in 1904

• Advocated for social reforms and women’s rights

Standard Oil/ Rockefeller

• Founded in 1870 and dominated industry through horizontal and vertical integration

• Controlled 90% of U.S. oil by the 1880s

• Sherman Antitrust Act contributed to company breakup in 1911

• Robber Baron

• Symbol of monopolies

WWI / Wilson

• Led the U.S. from neutral to entering the war during WWI

• Proposed 14 points, which aimed to have a peaceful, League of Nations based postwar world

• Unrestricted subwarfare (Lusitania sinking) and Zimmerman Telegram forced U.S. into WWI

• Homefront and Total War

• Red Scare

War Bonds

• Debt securities sold by the U.S. government to citizens in order to finance military during WWI and WWII

• Loans from citizens repaid with interest

• Controlled inflation by reducing consumer spending and funding war effort

• Propaganda to promote; “duty to buy”

W.E.B. Du Bois

• Harvard educated sociologist who called for the talented tenth of educated black people to develop new strategies

• Editor of NAACP journal The Crisis, using it to challenge segregation and racial violence

• Demanded full civil and voting rights as well as higher education

• Progressive Era activist

• Critic of Booker T. Washington, advocating for immediate political action

Elsie Hill / Women’s Suffrage (19th Amendment)/ National Women’s Party

• American Suffragist from progressive era

• Leader of National Women’s Party, which used confrontational tactics, like picketing the White House and protesting against Wilson, for activism

• 19th Amendment allowed anyone to vote regardless of sex

• Influenced by women’s contributions during WWI

Women in WWII

• Workforce entry and military service

• Defied gender norms as women were working in industrial, agricultural, and service jobs

• Laid the ground for 1960s feminism

• WACs: Women’s Army Corps

• WAVES: Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (Navy)

• WASPs: Women’s Airforce Service Pilots

• Rosie the Riveter used as propaganda

Yalta Conference 1945

• WWII meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin in Crimea to plan postwar reorganization of Europe

• Laid foundation for Cold War

• Germany Divided into 4 zones (US, USSR, Britain, France)

• Poland given a representative government, resulting in Soviet dominated communist control

• United Nations created

• Soviet Union had a secret pact to enter war against Japan after Germany surrender in change for territories lost in Russo-Japanese War

Great Depression Cause and Effects

• Caused by overproduction, agricultural decline, high debt, bank failures from 1929 stock market crash

• Resulted in 25% unemployment, massive poverty, dust bowl, limited welfare state; shift in government role; New Deal

Progressive Era vs. New Deal

• Both expanded federal power to regulate capitalism, address social issues, move away from laissez faire, increase federal government’s role in economy, business regulation

• Progressive focused on reforming political corruption and economic equities during prosperous times

  • Muckrakers, TR, Woodrow Wilson

• New Deal focused on immediate relief, recovery, and safety during Great Depression

  • FDR