Nutrition Ch 8 Study Guide ( Final copy)

Folate & B12 help cells:

multiply

Thiamin B1

B vitamin, present in membranes of nerve cells, coenzyme form: thiamin pyrophosphate

Thiamin deficiency

Beriberi and wernicke-korsakoff syndrom

Wet Beriberi

Thiamin deficiency: Damage to cardiovascular system; dilated blood vessels; kidneys retain salt & water, edema (swelling from fluid retention- edema)

Dry Beriberi

thiamin deficiency; Damage to Nervous system; muscle weakness in arms/legs

Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome:

thiamin deficiency, Disorientation, loss of short- term memory, jerky eye movements & staggering gait, Found in homeless, alcoholics, malnourished ppl

Thiamin Food sources

Found in whole grain, fortified, enriched grains, pork

Lack of folate can lead to

Neural tube defects in babies,  600 micrograms recommended for women trying to get pregnant

Folate deficiency

Impairs cell division & protein synthesis, anemia; large immature blood cells & megaloblastic anemia, GI tract deficiency 

Folate RDA:

400 micrograms

Folate Upper limit:

1000 micrograms, UL is due to folates ability to mask a vitamin B12 deficiency

Folate food sources:

Legumes, orange/tomato juice, vegetables, leafy green veggies, fortified grain products, destroyed by heat & oxidation

Alcoholics are at an increased risk of 

thiamin deficiency

B12 Deficiency

Inadequate absorption caused by lack of HCI & GIF, common in elderly

Vegetarian diet(unless you get enough eggs and milk) can lead to

B12 deficiency

B12 food sources-

Animal products, fortified cereals, supplements for vegans, microwave cooking inactivates b12

Consequence of B12 deficiency

Impaired cognition, paralysis in extremities, and without early detection irreversible neurological change

Vitamin A sources

liver, milk, butter, eggs, dark leafy greens, yellow or orange fruits

vitamin A UL

3000 mcg, due to already being stored in liver & can reduce bone density & create liver abnormalities, birth defects

B12 RDA

2.4 micrograms/day

Iodine deficiency

Goiter (enlargement of thyroid gland), brain damage/mental impairment, cretinism in infants,

iodine food sources

seafood, salt, baking products