Reproductive Alterations Lecture Notes

A series of flashcards covering key concepts and diagnostic procedures related to reproductive alterations, including anatomy, diagnostic tests, common disorders, and treatment protocols.

What are the main functions of the reproductive system?

Secretes hormones, produces gametes, transports and nourishes ova and sperm, preserves and protects fertilized eggs, produces and transports sperm, deposits sperm in the female reproductive tract.

What structures make up the male reproductive system?

Spermatic cord, Epididymis, Ductus deferens, Seminiferous tubules, Seminal vesicle, Testis, Ejaculatory duct, Prostate gland, Rectum, Cowper's gland, Penis, Scrotum.

What organs are included in the female reproductive system?

Ovary, Fallopian tube, Uterus (body and fundus), Vagina, Clitoris, Labia (minora and majora), Skene's gland, Bartholin's gland, Cervix.

What should a nurse maintain when assessing reproductive health?

Professional demeanor, sensitivity, gender-neutral questions, cultural awareness, starting with less sensitive questions.

What types of diagnostic tests are used for reproductive health?

Urine and blood studies, Papanicolaou test (PAP), Mammography, Ultrasound, Biopsy, CT scan, MRI, Hysteroscopy, Colposcopy.

What are the risk factors for fibrocystic breast changes?

Age 30-50, premenstrual abnormalities, nulliparity, history of spontaneous abortion, lack of oral contraceptive use, early menarche or late menopause.

What are the characteristics of a malignant tumor in the breast?

Typically unilateral, may present as a lump, thickening, or mammography abnormality; may have irregular or poorly delineated borders.

What are common benign breast disorders?

Fibrocystic breast changes, fibroadenoma, intraductal papilloma, and mammary duct ectasia.

What are the general treatment goals for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Complete treatment, notify sexual contacts, abstain from intercourse until resolved, and demonstrate knowledge of safer sex practices.

What interventions should a nurse teach for those with herpes simplex virus?

Maintain good hygiene, avoid sexual contact during outbreaks, and consider antiviral medications.

How does prostate cancer typically present and what are its risk factors?

Most common cancer in men, slow-growing, risk factors include advanced age, obesity, diet, family history, and smoking.

What is the significance of PSA levels in prostate cancer?

Prostate-specific antigen levels are used as a diagnostic test and for monitoring treatment response.

What complications can arise from a radical prostatectomy?

Erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, hemorrhage, and urinary retention.

What type of therapy can be used to treat prostate cancer?

Radiation therapy (external beam or brachytherapy), chemotherapy, surgery, or hormone therapy.

What is the role of tamoxifen in breast cancer treatment?

Tamoxifen is used to block estrogen receptors in ER-positive breast cancer to treat and prevent recurrence.

What should be included in post-operative care after a mastectomy?

Monitor incision site, perform arm exercises, manage pain, and avoid heavy lifting or tight clothing.