APush review quizzes terms flashcards

enclosing of the cropland

forced laborers off the land & sent em looking for work elsewhere

the columbian exchange

exchange of items from old world to new world

joint stock companies

allowed for investors to pool capital together to colonize

the defeat of the spanish armada

allowed for english naval dominance

law of primogeniture

first born son to inherit wealth

charles I’s persecution of puritans

led to massachusetts bay company and the great migration

the english gov persecution of roman catholics

led to maryland

head-right system

granted 50 acres to anyone who paid for the passage of a servant

indentured servants

came to new world to work on plantations to pay debt

mayflower compact

an agreement for majority rule

what similar desires did the french, spanish and english have in colonization?

trade & mercantilism

purpose of virginia settlement?

passage and gold

purpose of maryland settlement by lord balitmore?

refuge for roman catholics

purpose of south carolina?

rice, safe haven for dissenters

purpose of north carolina?

rice, democratic, richer ppl

purpose of NE settlement by puritans?

great migration, opportunities, escape protestant reformation

purpose of georgia settlement by james oglethrope?

buffer for the carolinas and haven for debtors

purpose of pennsylvania settlement?

safe haven for quakers & religious tolerance

purpose of rhode island?

religious toleration

what are the reasons for the indian demise in the colonies?

encroachment, wars, disease, burning villages

conversion

a receipt of salvation

antinomianism

faith alone is needed salvation, disregarding the law

john peter zenger

established freedom of press

1st great awakening

an attempt to renew religious faith through partial membership in church

bacons rebellion

revival uniting american colonists

harvard

training place for ministers

taverns

hotbeds for political discourse

power of the purse

colonial tactic of withhold salaries to influence colonial governor

fundamental orders of connecticut

established the first constitution and ensured democracy for the colony

halfway covenant

lack of opportunities will result in the use of slave labor

what was the economy, social and political makeup of the southern colonies in early colonial america?

tobacco, rice, safe havens, mostly men, bacons rebellion (NC democractic)

what was the economy, social and political makeup of the middle colonies in early colonial america?

grain, quakers, religious toleration, duke of york

what was the economy, social and political makeup of the northern colonies in early colonial america?

fishing, shipbuilding, puritans, john winthrop, mayflower compact

purpose of the triangular trade & navigation laws enforced by the dominion of NE?

control trade, colonies trade w/ the mother country → boosting mother country economy

why did the dutch and swedes attempt to colonize the americas?

trade oppertunities, land in the new world

john locke

importance of life, liberty, property, social contract

george washington

attempted to claim land in ohio river valley → french & indian war

ben franklin

creator of join or die politcal cartoon in the albany congress → creating colonial unity

thomas paine

author of common sense

thomas jefferson

author of declaration of independence

patriot

colonists who sided w/ colonial independence

committees of correspondence

provided propaganda to encourage boycotts

admiralty courts

violated trial by jury and traditional rights of an englishmen

pontiac rebellion

indian attacks on frontier settlement that caused the stop of W settlement

writs of assistance

search warrant that allowed for revenue agents to search for smugglers

salutary neglect

absence of british control causing colonists to largely self govern

virtual representation

every member of parliament represents all british subjects

mercantilism

a belief that the most powerful country has the most gold and silver

navigation laws

created to enforce colonial trade with the motherland, & to prevent smuggling

french and indian war

george washington in ohio river valley, led to increasing debt in britain

proclamation act of 1763

halted colonial settlement W

sugar act

taxed sugary goods

stamp act

tax on printed materials

declaratory act

parliament could declare whatever laws they wanted to over the colonies

townshend act

tax on imported goods → ended power of the purse

quebec act

granted land won in the french & indian war to quebec

intolerable acts

(after boston tea party)

1) closed the port of boston

2) ended self gov

3)transferred trials to england

4) had to pay back debt

tea act

tax on cheaply sold tea

saratoga

important battle that led to the franco american alliance to win the revolution

terms of the treaty that ended the french & indian war

1) french lost colonial claims

2) english got canada, florida and E of mississippi river

3) spain got W of mississippi & new orleans

origins of the american revolution?

imperial policy (taxation, acts), enlightenment, violation of rights, americanization, heavy taxes

what events caused tensions between the colonists and british soldiers?

boston massacre, quartering act, treatment of soldiers in french & indian war

how did the colonists protest imperial policy?

boycotts, son of liberty, tarring & feathering, petition, smuggling

what was the purpose of the declaration of independence?

1) to explain separation

2) to gain allies (for weapons and military)

what issues did thomas jefferson address in the declaration of independence?

violation of rights, imperial policy, enlightenment ideas

how were the grievances addressed in the dec of independence?

king was at fault, & would be fixed later in the american bill of rights

what were the terms of the treaty of paris 1783?

1) GB recognizes US independence

2) US gets territory

3) mississippi opened for trade

4) spain got florida

5) continental congress will repay loyalists

advantages of british at the start of the american revolution?

better trained, more ppl, soldiers, wealthy, support & loyalists

disadvantages of british at the start of the american revolution?

careless, corrupt gov, ireland troubles, war wasn’t popular

advantages of colonists at the start of the american revolution?

loved george washington, ben franklin, foreign aid

disadvantages of colonists at the start of the american revolution?

no $, not united, no navy, no weapons, poorly organized

land ordinace

required land in NW territory to be sold in sections, with a section for education

northwest ordinance

orderly transition to statehood, banning slavery in old NW territory

shays rebellion

failed revolt by poor farmers against state gov policies that scared the wealthy

republican motherhood

politcal wisdom of democracy must be taught

great compromise

created 2 house legislature, senate based on equality and house membership based on state population

3/5ths compromise

a slave 3/5 of a person for representation in congress & ended the slave trade in 1807

federalism

division of powers between the fed gov and the states

federalists papers

series of pro-constitution articles

elastic clause

congress to pass ant laws it deemed necessary

electoral college

official body designated to choose the president

what limitations did the articles of confederation have on congress?

could not raise army, couldnt tax, could not regulate foreign & domestic trade

what was the original purpose of the constitutional convention?

revise the AOC, come together to fix commerce (CCC)

who was at the constitutional convention?

conservatives, wealthy buisness men & landowners

what major issues were compromised at the constitutional convention?

3/5 compromise, great compromise (representation)

what foreign issues did the free colonists have with the french and english after the revolution?

french- owed $, alliances

english- impressment, trading w/ indians, debt, territory conflicts

explain hamilton’s financial plan that would resolve the economic crisis

1) BUS

2) tax on whiskey

3) assumption of state debts

4) pay back debts at full value

differences between federalist & anti-federalists?

F: big gov, fed gov power, constitution, no bill of rights, 3 gov branches

AF: small gov, state power, AOC, bill of rights, only legislative branch

who was in washington’s cabinet?

sec of state- TJ

sec of war- knox

sec of treasury- hamilton

reason for the creation of the electoral college?

safeguard the nation from the mobocracy rule

whiskey rebellion

protest by poor farmers in response to excise tax on whiskey

treaty of greenville

indians gave up land in indiana & ohio in exchange for payment

jays treaty

(didnt actually work) brits promised to abandoned outpost on US soil, pay for damages, & US promised to pay back debt

pinckneys treaty

allowed access of mississippi river

impressment

man stealing on ships

XYZ affair

a diplomatic incident where french agents demanded bribes from US diplomats, leading to outrage and undeclared naval war

alien and sedition acts

increased the years allowed to become a citizen & silenced critics

virginia and kentucky resolution

response to the alien & sedition acts claiming the compact theory

washingtons neutrality proclamation

response to french attempts to use the franco american alliance

washingtons farewell adress

george washingtons warning to keep out of foreign affairs