MIL

MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY

MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY

is the ability to access, critically analyze, evaluate, and produce media and information content.

• MIL is a vital skill, especially with the abundance of data and false information accessible online.

• able to make informed judgment, ask good questions, and create solutions in the digital world polluted with noise and misinformation.

• Will create responsible and active citizens who crosscheck information and data.

Why should I care?

Why should I study MIL?

YOU WILL BE EMPOWERED if you got the KNOWLEDGE and SKILLSET needed to engage in the traditional media and the new technologies.

HOW CAN MIL EMPOWER PEOPLE?

Media literacy

-your set of abilities and knowledge of the media, how it works, the way it’s presented. It’s also about your ability to decipher whether the media is objective, accurate or not.

Information literacy

your set of abilities and knowledge/understanding of the information presented to you.

Technology literacy

refers to the knowledge and skills required to effectively and responsibly use technology tools and resources. It’s how well you use tech in your your everyday life or job, etc.

LAW 1

Everyone is a creator of information/knowledge and has a message.

LAW 2

Information, knowledge, and messages are not always value neutral, or always independent of biases

LAW 3

Every citizen wants to know and understand new information, knowledge and messages

LAW 4

Media and information literacy is not acquired at once.

LAW 5

Communication

Process that involves the exchange and the development of ideas to achieve a particular goal or purpose

Shanon Weaver’s Model

Sender — Encoder — Channel — Decoder — Receiver

David Berlo’s Communication model

Source — Message — Channel — Receiver

to know whether the message was effective

Why is feedback important?

• did the receiver decode the message properly?

• are there problems in the way the information was delivered?

• are there problems in the way the message was understood?

feedback is important to also answer the ff questions:

Media

are the means of communication that reach and influence people widely

Media

it refers to the standard platform of mass communication

Mass communication

It’s the imparting or exchanging of information on a large scale to a wide range of people

television

computers

film

example of mass communication

• Broadcast Media

• Print or Traditional Media

• the new media/digital media

types of media

Broadcast Media

includes information transmitted through one of several mass communication channels, such as television and radio.

Print or Traditional Media

refers to printed materials, such as books and magazines, that contain words and images.

• The New Media/Digital Media

is content distributed online and can include emails and online publications

Social media

refers to a variety of technologies that facilitate the sharing of ideas and information among their users

4.7 billion

how many people around the world uses social media?

• Too much freedom

• Information overload

• Multiple Identities

• Everyone is authority

• Laws are arbitrary

What are the cons of social media?

• Production

• Language

• Representation

• Audience

Questioning the media

• Film

• Publishing

• Broadcast

• Photography

Media as an industry

Meme

is described as a unit of culture information, whether it be an idea, behavior, or trend, that spreads from one host’s mind to another through imitation and replication (Dawkins 1976).

AGENDA-SETTING FUNCTION THEORY

Powerful influence of the media

AGENDA-SETTING FUNCTION THEORY

Media tells us what issues are important

AGENDA-SETTING FUNCTION THEORY

Media tells the public “HOW” and “WHAT TO THINK

ABOUT.”

AGENDA-SETTING FUNCTION THEORY

Ability of the news media to influence the salience of topics in the public agenda

Max McCombs and Donald Shaw (1972)

Who are the theorists behind AGENDA-SETTING FUNCTION THEORY? (what year din)

• Media and the press filter and shape reality rather than reflect it.

• When media focuses on just a few issues and subjects, the public tends to perceive those issues as more important.

AGENDA-SETTING FUNCTION THEORY assumptions:

USES GRATIFICATION THEORY

States what people do with the media rather than what media does to people

USES GRATIFICATION THEORY

Individuals are active recipient (in control based on their desires)

USES GRATIFICATION THEORY

explores how individuals deliberately seek out media to fulfill certain needs or goals such as entertainment, relaxation, or socializing

Jay Blumer and Dennis McQuail(1969)

Who are the theorists behind USES GRATIFICATION THEORY? (what year din)

Harold Lasswell in 1920s

Who are the theorist/s behind HYPODERMIC NEEDLE THEORY? (what year din)

HYPODERMIC NEEDLE THEORY

Known as Magic Bullet theory

HYPODERMIC NEEDLE THEORY

Direct influence via mass media

HYPODERMIC NEEDLE THEORY

Media has a direct, immediate and powerful effect on its audience

CULTIVATION THEORY

focuses on the long-term effects of television

CULTIVATION THEORY

the more time people spend 'living' in the television world, the more likely they are to believe social reality portrayed on television

CULTIVATION THEORY

media and culture as inseparable, stating that media images affect culture in far-reaching and pervasive ways suggests that frequent television

CULTIVATION THEORY

viewing causes frequent viewers to experience suspicion and fear of others in society

George Gerbner (1976)

Who are the theorist/s behind CULTIVATION THEORY? (what year din)

Television is able to cultivate an audience’s perception of religious values, sex roles, race, and so forth.

CULTIVATION THEORY assumption:

EXPECTANCY VIOLATIONS THEORY

This theory sees communication as an exchange of behaviors, where one individual's behavior can be used to violate the expectations of another.

EXPECTANCY VIOLATIONS THEORY

is when a person normally expects you to act a certain way but you act differently which violates their expectation of you

Leslie Baxter and Barbara Montgomery (1988)

Who are the theorist/s behind RELATIONAL DIALECTICS THEORY? (what year din)

RELATIONAL DIALECTICS THEORY

a contradiction of ideas that serves as the determining factor in their interaction

RELATIONAL DIALECTICS THEORY

The concept focuses on the contradictions in relationships.

RELATIONAL DIALECTICS THEORY

explains communication patterns that arise between individuals when they maintain a relationship

RELATIONAL DIALECTICS THEORY

Is an interpersonal communication theory which explains communication patterns that arise between individuals when they maintain a relationship

• Relationships are not linear.

• Relational life is characterized by change.

• Contradiction is the fundamental fact of relational life.

• Communication is central to organizing and negotiating relational contradictions.

RELATIONAL DIALECTICS THEORY assumption:

GENDERLECT THEORY

Deborah Tannen coined the term __________ to describe the way that the

conversation of men and women are NOT right and wrong, superior and

inferior --they are just DIFFERENT.

GENDERLECT THEORY

women speak 20000 words per day, men speak 7,000

GENDERLECT THEORY

women likes does cooperative overlap, men think otherwise

GENDERLECT THEORY

women monopolize private conversations, men dominate public conversations

understanding different genders’ dialects

GENDERLECT THEORY benefit?

ignores male dominance, sexism, sexual harassment, and verbal insults

GENDERLECT THEORY consequences?

• AGENDA-SETTING THEORY

• USES & GRATIFICATION THEORY

• HYPODERMIC NEEDLE THEORY

• CULTIVATION THEORY

• EXPECTANCY VIOLATIONS THEORY

• RELATIONAL DIALECTS THEORY

• GENDERLECT THEORY

COMMUNICATION THEORIES