APUSH SEM 1 Final

1st amendment

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

2nd amendment

Right to bear arms

3rd amendment

No quartering of soldiers

4th amendment

Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures

5th amendment

Right to remain silent/no self incrimination

6th amendment

Right to a fair, speedy trial

7th amendment

right to a trial by jury (in civil lawsuits/cases)

8th amendment

No cruel or unusual punishment

9th amendment

Citizens are entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution

10th amendment

Powers Reserved to the States

11th amendment

states have immunity from out of state citizens/foreigners who do not live within the states borders that try to sue them

12th amendment

presidential electors are to vote separately for Vice President and president

13th amendment

abolished slavory

14th amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws including former slaves

15th amendment

guaranteed African American men the right to vote

1st President

George Washington

2nd President

John Adams

3rd President

Thomas Jefferson

4th president

James Madison

5th president

James Monroe

6th President

John Quincy Adams

7th President

Andrew Jackson

8th President

Martin Van Buren

9th president

William Henry Harrison

10th President

John Tyler

11th President

James K. Polk

12th President

Zachary Taylor

13th President

Millard Fillmore

14th President

Franklin Pierce

15th President

James Buchanan

16th President

Abraham Lincoln

17th President

Andrew Johnson

18th President

Ulysses S. Grant

19th President

Rutherford B. Hayes

Albany Plan of Union

Ben Franklin's plan to unite the colonies under one centralized government

Proclamation of 1763

law issued by the British Government forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

Mercantalism

the belief that wealth was power and a country's economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold or silver was in its treasury

Intolerable Acts

Nickname given to the series of act passed by the British government in response to the Boston Tea Party. They included the Boston Port Act, The Quebec Act, the New Quartering Act, and many other restrictions that were placed on Boston

Common Sense

one of the most influential pamphlets ever, written by Thomas Paine, it became a best seller and preached unity against the "royal brute of Great Britain"

"Republican Motherhood"

the idea that in order for the union to succeed, women must be schooled in virtue so that they could teach their children

Articles of Confederation

first constitution of the United States. it was formed around a weak central government, and was replaced by a more efficient constitution in 1789

Land Ordinance of 1785

set up a standardized system whereby settlers could purchase title to farmland in the undeveloped west. the sales provided important revenue streams for congress

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states.

Federalist Papers

collection of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison that explained the importance of a strong central government

Neutrality Proclamation

A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.

Farewell Address

1796 speech by Washington urging US to maintain neutrality and avoid permanent alliances with European nations

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions/Doctrine of Nullification

put into practice in 1798 by Jefferson and Madison, they were secretly made to get the rights back that were taken away with the alien and sedition acts. These also brought about the later compact theory which gave the states more power than the federal government

Universal Male Suffrage

a form of voting rights in which all adult males within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of income, property, religion, or any other qualification besides race

Tariff of Abominations

Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South

Whig Party

An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements

Free Soil Party

Against the spread of slavery, but not fully abolitionists

Indian Removal Act

Andrew Jacksons decision to relocate the native Americans of Florida and georgia

Women's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls

Gathering of feminist activists in Seneca Falls, New York, where Elizabeth Cady Stanton read her "Declaration of Sentiments," stating that "all men and women are created equal."

the Liberator

An anti-slavery newspaper written by William Lloyd Garrison. It drew attention to abolition, both positive and negative, causing a war of words between supporters of slavery and those opposed.

American Colonization Society

Reflecting the focus of early abolitionists on transporting freed blacks back to Africa, the organization established Liberia, a West-African settlement intended as a haven for emancipated slaves.

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

embargo act

immediate halt of all trade with all nations

war hawks

Those who were eager for war (Henry Clay, John Calhoun, and Felix Grundy)

Hartford Convention

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence

Era of Good Feelings

marked a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity

Missouri Compromise

Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state

Monroe doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Clay's American System

Proposed after the War of 1812, it included using federal money for internal improvements (roads, bridges, industrial improvements, etc.), enacting a protective tariff to foster the growth of American industries, and strengthening the national bank.

Lowell system

The use of water powered textile mills that employed young unmarried women in the 1800's

French and Indian War

1763

revolutionary war

1775-1783

Washington Inagurated President

1789

Neutrality Proclamation

1793

Farewell Address (year)

1796

Louisiana Purchase

1803

Treaty of Ghent

1814

Missouri Compromise (year)

1820

Monroe Doctrine (year)

1823

Mexican-American War

1846-1848

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854

Election of Lincoln

1860

Civil War

1861-1865

Emancipation Proclamation

1862

Battle of Gettysburg

1863

Reconstruction

1865-1877

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896

Trent Affair

Foreign event involving Union seizure of British ship with Confederate diplomats; tensions btw Britain & US eased w/ Lincoln's negotiations

alabama incident

Britain was unneutrally allowing the Confederacy to build ships there; notable ship manned by Britons; captured over 60 vessels; defeated by a Union cruiser

Laird Rams

Two confederate warships being constructed in British shipyards, they were eventually seized by the British for British use to remain neutral in the Civil War.

Conscription Act (Union)

18-35 years of age, the rich could hire a substitute in their place of war by paying, was resented. wasn't needed until 1863 because 90% of their army were volunteers

Conscription Act (Confederate)

age 17-50, needed a draft law as soon as 1862 and those who had 20+ slaves were exempt from fighting

substitution provision

allowed rich white men to pay $300 for a substitute to go in their place in the draft

Bounty Jumpers

Men who enlisted in the Union army to collect the bounties offered by some districts to fill military quotas; these men would enlist and then desert as soon as they got their money

Morill Tariff

Fundraising technique for the North involving increased tariffs of 5-10%

national banking system

Network of member banks that could issue currency against purchased government bonds. Created during the Civil War to establish a stable national currency and stimulate the sale of war bonds.

Jay Cooke and Co.

A private company authorized by the Treasury to sell its war bonds during the Civil War. In return, the company would receive a commission of three-eighths of 1 percent on all sales.

Union Party

The temporary 1864 coalition of republicans and War Democrats that backed Lincoln's re-election

war democrats

Democrats who supported war and Lincoln

Peace Democrats

supported neither the war nor Lincoln

copper heads

Northern Democrats who advocated peace with the South

freedmans bureau

provided: food, clothing, jobs, medical care, schools for former slaves and the poor whites

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

10% Plan

Lincoln's 1863 program for a rapid Reconstruction of the South

Military Reconstruction Act

plan for reconstruction and readmission of southern states into the union

scalawags

derogative term southerners who supported the north and reconstruction