Air pollution

CO2 source

• greenhouse gas

• coal + oil + FF

CO source

• incomplete combustion of fossil fuels (not enough to make CO2)

• fire + stove + heater + volcano

CO side effects

• temp. atm pollutant

• odorless + invisible

• binds to hemoglobin (no O2 = suffocation)

CO reduction

• ventilation

lead usage

• building construction + car batteries + bullets + older buildings + paint

lead side effects

• low red blood cell count

• endocrine disruptor (mess up hormones)

• mental disabilities

• high blood pressure

• miscarriages

tropospheric O3

• component of photochem. smog

NOx source

• combustion (cars) (largest NO2 source)

• power plant smoke stack

• FF: coal + diesel + natural gas + oil (NO2)

• agriculture (most N2O)

NOx effects

• respiratory irritation (coughing + wheezing)

• asthma attack

• tropospheric ozone

• nitric acid

• GHG (300x more than CO2)

NOx > tropospheric ozone

• NOx + VOC

• NO2 + UV > NO + O > O+O2 = O3

reduce NOx

• strict emission standard for vehicle exhaust

• higher coal-fire plants regulations

Acid (NOx)

• NO + O2 > NO2

• NO2 + H2O > HNO3

SOx source

• FF combustion

• trains + ships

• natural gas + petroleum extraction + oil refining

• coal (coal contain sulfur)

• volcano

SOx effects

• respiratory irritant

• asthma

• bronchitis

• wheezing

SOx acid

• SOx + H2O (water vapor) + O2 > H2SO4

reduce SOx

• reduce FF

• burn high grade coal (anthracite)

• wet scrubber

VOC source

• volatile organic compounds

• carpet + paint + foam + gasoline

VOC effects

• cancer

• damage liver + kidney + nervous system

• eye + nose + throat irritation

• long term health

POP

• persistent organic pollutants

• not easily diluted in nature

• stored in animal fat tissue = long term health issues

• bioaccumulate + biomagnifying

radon source

• decay of U-238 (radioactive gas)

• all water + rock + soil

• enter through crack in home

radon effects

• lung cancer

reduce radon

• ventiliation

catalytic converters

• on cars

• toxic chem > less harmful

• CO > CO2

• hydrocarbon > CO2 + H2O

• NOx > O2 + N2

overall reduce air pollution

• burning waste

• smaller cars + energy efficient

• public trans.

• improve CAFE (corporate Average Fuel economy) standards

• reduce sulfur content

• fluorescent + LED lights

• consider fuel efficiency

Acid rain source

• SOx / NOx > acid

dry acid

• acid in dust + smoke

• stick to surface

• water = runoff

wet acid/ acid rain

• rain + snow + fog

acid shock

• ice = trap acid

• ice = melt = sudden release to nearby watersource