Geology and Energy Resources Exam Review

The flashcards cover key concepts from geology, energy resources, water systems, and related environmental processes.

Trap

A geologic configuration that forces oil to pool up and denies it passage to the surface.

Source Rock

The type of rock from which hydrocarbons are derived.

Reservoir Rock

A permeable and porous rock that can store fluids such as oil and gas.

Seal Rock

An impermeable rock that prevents the escape of oil and gas.

Oil Window

The temperature range (approximately 90 to 160 °C) wherein organic matter is converted to petroleum without destruction.

Fossil Fuels

Natural substances derived from the remains of ancient living organisms, including coal, oil, and natural gas.

Ephemeral Streams

Streams that may flow seasonally or during certain periods and may dry out.

Braided Streams

Streams characterized by multiple interweaving channels which can change over time due to sediment deposition.

Meander

A bend or curve in a river, typically where erosion occurs on the outer edge and deposition occurs on the inner edge.

Cut Bank

The outer edge of a meander where erosion is taking place.

Point Bar

The inner edge of a meander where sediment is deposited.

Floodplain

The flat land adjacent to a river that is subject to flooding.

Drainage Divide

A highland or ridge that separates one watershed from another.

Mass Wasting

The movement of earth material under the influence of gravity.

Global Circulation of Ocean Water

Movement of ocean water influenced by surface winds, temperature gradients, and salinity.

Tide

The periodic rise and fall of sea levels caused primarily by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun.

Longshore Current

A current that moves parallel to the shore, generated by waves hitting the coast at an angle.

Rip Current

A strong, narrow current that flows directly away from the shore.

Sediment Supply

The amount of sediment being removed or added to a coastal area, affecting the stability of shorelines.