Contemporary Issues

Corruption, ghost projects, overpricing

Main issue with PH flood control (2023–2025)?

$2B

Estimated loss due to corruption?

70%

% of budget allegedly stolen?

RA 12180, PHIVOLCS

Law modernizing disaster monitoring?

Flood walls, reforestation, tech, river plans

Solutions to flooding?

ICI (Independent Commission for Infrastructure)

New anti-corruption body (2025)?

Lack of consultation, demand transparency

LGUs’ role/issues in flood control?

Davao Oriental, M7.4, tsunami alert

Oct 2025 quake location?

M6.9, 69+ dead, damage, power loss

Sept 2025 Cebu quake impact?

Kanlaon, Bulusan, seismic unrest

PHIVOLCS volcano warning (2025)?

Funds released, aid sent, inspections

Gov’t quake response?

Nakba

1948, "catastrophe", 700,000+ Palestinians displaced during Israel’s creation

Zionism

Jewish nationalist movement for a homeland in Palestine

Intifada

Palestinian uprisings: 1987 (First), 2000 (Second)

Hamas

Islamist Palestinian group ruling Gaza; labeled terrorist by many

Fatah

Secular Palestinian party; controls West Bank (PLO faction)

Gaza Strip

Coastal Palestinian territory, ruled by Hamas since 2007

West Bank

Occupied Palestinian territory; partly controlled by Israel

Green Line

1949 Armistice border between Israel and West Bank/Gaza

Oslo Accords

1993 peace talks; created Palestinian Authority

Two-State Solution

Proposed solution: independent Israel & Palestine

Settlements

Israeli communities built in occupied West Bank; controversial under intl. law

Right to Return

Palestinian demand to return to 1948 homes

Iron Dome

Israeli missile defense system vs. rockets from Gaza

IDF

Israel’s military

PLO

Recognized Palestinian representative group (led by Fatah)

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Third holiest Islamic site, in Jerusalem; flashpoint for violence

Balfour Declaration

1917 British support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine

UN Partition Plan

Proposed separate Jewish & Arab states; rejected by Arabs

1948 Arab-Israeli War

War after Israel’s creation; led to Nakba

Camp David Accords (1978)

Peace deal: Egypt recognized Israel