southwest asia

islamicate empires

empires that were influenced by the culture of islam

kaaba

a shrine in Mecca that is the most important islamic holy site, sacred black stone

hijra

muhammad’s migration with his followers from Mecca to Medina

Quaran

the holy book of islam

janissary

men who were taken from christian provinces as a child the raised muslim and were taught how to fight

five pillars of islam

5 themes major reoccurring themes going throughout muslim sacred texts

sharia

islamic law based in the quaran

bedouin warriors

arabian nomads known for their skill in battle sting and well practiced

mosque

islamic house of worship

sunni

member of an islamic religious group that supported abu bakr as the first caliph and now form a majority of the worlds muslims

caliph

title meaning successor in arabic used by the leaders of muslim community who followed muhammad

shia

member of an islamic eel group that supported ali as the first caliph and now forms a minority of the worlds muslims

sultan

title for a ruler of a muslim community

arabic numerals

the system of writing numbers we use today

house of wisdom

located in baghdad capital for learning largest library in the world

translation movement

period where abbasid scholars translated classical texts

astroblade

mechanical device used for determining location by measuring incline

surfism

an islamic lifestyle that emphasizes one disires giving up worldly attachments and seeking nearness to god

canon of medicine

a book authored by Ibn Sina which contained his medical knowledge

hajj

pilgrimage made by muslims to the holy city mecca

sunnah

traditions believed by many muslims to come from the prophet muhammad

rightly guided caliphs

four caliphs abu bakr, umar, uthman ibn affan and ali

mohammed

captured macca then gained power in arabia quaran contains his yeachings last long line of prophets could not read or write

abu bakr

muhammad’s son in law became the fourth caliph later assasimnated known as one of the rightly guided caliphs civil war emerged during his rule

the umayyads

after ali was assasinated the umayyad’s took power the first arab muslim dynasty they moved the capital and helped the empire grow to its largest size

abbasids

they supported non arab muslims who had fewer rights so they used this against the umayyad empire to overthrow them rule is broken into two periods

mehmed ll

sultan of the ottoman empire at the time of the siege aka mehmed the conqueror his army conquered a city that had resisted conquest for over 1000 years