Day 00 NPTE Final Frontier-Muscle Origin/Insertion

Pectoralis Major

Origin: Medial Half of Clavicle, Front of sternum, costal cartilage

Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle (lateral lip of Bicipital groove)

Action: Horizontally adduct, medially rotate at shoulder

Innervation: Lateral Pectoral Nerve

Pectoralis Minor

Origin: Ribs 2-5

Insertion: Coracoid process

Action: Protract, externally rotate at shoulder, depress, medially rotate scapula and elevate ribs

Innervation: Medial Pectoral Nerve

Serratus Anterior

Origin: Ribs 1-8

Insertion: Ventral surfaces of the superior and inferior angles and vertebral border of scapula.

Action: Protract and laterally rotate the scapula

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve

Trapezius

Origin: Occipital bone, spines of C7-T12, and ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Action: Extend neck, laterally rotate scapula; upper portions can elevate scapula, lower portion can depress scapula

Innervation: Cranial nerve 11, spinal accessory nerve

Rhomboids

Origin: Spines of C7 and T1-5

Insertion: Vertebral (medial border) of scapula

Action: retract and medially rotate the scapula

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

Levator Scapulae

Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4

Insertion: Upper part of medial border of scapula

Action: Elevate Scapula, Medial rotation of scapula, Extension & same side flexion & same side rotation of neck.

Innervation: 3rd and 4th cervical spinal nerves

Scalene

Origin: 3 Portions

Anterior: Anterior tubercle of C3-C6

Medial: Posterior tubercle of C2-C7

Posterior: Posterior tubercle of C5-C7

Insertion:

Anterior: 1st Rib

Medial: 1st rib dorsally

Posterior: 2nd rib laterally

Action: U/L contraction: same side flexion & opposite side rotation of neck

B/L contraction: Flexion of neck

Anterior & Medial Scalene: Elevate 1st rib

Posterior scalene: elevate 2nd rib

(Accessory muscle of inspiration)

Innervation:

Anterior: C5-C7

Medial: C3-C8

Posterior: C7-C8

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: Manubrium & Medial portion of clavical

Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone

Action: U/L Same side flexion & opposed side rotation of neck

B/L Cervical fleion, elevation of sternum and assists in forced inhalation

Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve, CN XI

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia illiac crest, inferior angle of the scapula and lower ribs

Insertion: Intertubercular groove of the humerus

Action: Extend and adduct at shoulder, medially rotate at shoulder, and horizontally abduct away from midline

Innervation: Thoracodorsal and middle subscapular nerve

Deltoid

Origin: Lateral clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Action: Abduct at shoulder, anterior fibers flex the shoulders, posterior fibers extend the shoulder.

Innervation: Axillary Nerve

Teres Major

Origin:Inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Medially rotates the shoulder, and adducts at shoulder.

Innervation: Lower Subscapular Nerve

Corachobrachialis

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Humerus

Action: Flex shoulder joint

Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Medially rotate shoulder, adduct at shoulder

Innervation: Upper Subscapular Nerve

Supraspinatus

Origin: Suprapinatus fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Abduct at shoulder

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinatus fossa of the scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Lateral rotation at shoulder

Innervation: Suprascapular Nerve

Teres Minor

Origin: Lateral border of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Lateral rotation at shoulder

Innervation: Axillary Nerve

Long Head of Biceps

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: Tuberosity of radius and to ulna by the bicipital aponeurosis

Action: Flex elbow, supinate forearm, and flex shoulder.

Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve

Short head of biceps

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Tuberosity of radius and to ulna by the bicipital aponeurosis

Action: Flex elbow, supinate forearm, and flex shoulder

Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve

Brachialis

Origin: Humerus

Insertion: Coranoid process of ulna and ulna tuberosity

Action: Flex elbow

Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve

Lateral Head of Triceps

Origin: Humerus

Insertion: Olecranon of ulna

Action: Extend elbow

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Long Head of Triceps

Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: Olecranon of ulna

Action: Extend elbow

Innervation: Radial nerve

Medial head of triceps brachii

Origin: Humerus

Insertion: Olecranon of ulna

Action: Extend Elbow

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Brachioradialis

Origin: Lateral supracondylar line

Insertion: Distal radius

Action: Flexes at elbow

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Anconeus

Origin: Lateral epicondyle

Insertion: Olecranon of ulna

Action: Extend elbow

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Pronator Teres

Origin: Medial Supracondylar ridge and coronoid of ulna

Insertion: Lateral surface of radius

Action: Pronate forearm

Innervation: Median Nerve

Flexor carpi Radialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle

Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Action: Flex and Radial deviation of wrist

Innervation: Median Nerve

Palmaris Longus

Origin: Medial epicondyle

Insertion: Palmar fascia

Action: Flex wrist, tenses palmar fascia

Innervation: Median nerve

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin: Medial epicondyle

Insertion: Pisiform

Action: Flex and adduct wrist

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Origin:Medial epicondyle of humerus and radius

Insertion: Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Action: Flexes all joints from wrist to PIP of digits 2-5

Innervation: Median Nerve

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Origin: Radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx of thumb

Action: Flex wrist and all 3 joints of thumb

Innervation: Median Nerve

Flexor Digitorum profundus

Origin: Ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Action: flex wrist, flex all joints to DIP in digits 2-5

Innervation: Median to radial side of muscle; ulnar to ulnar side of muscle

Pronator Quadratus

Origin: Distal ulna

Insertion: Distal Radius

Action: Pronates forearm

Innervation: Median Nerve

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Origin: Navicular and trapezium

Insertion: Base fo proximal phalanx

Action:Abduct at CMC and MCP joints of thumb.

Innervation: Median

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Origin: Trapezium, Trapezoid, and Capitate

Insertion: Radial side of proximal phalanx

Action: Flex CMC and MCP of thumb

Innervation: Median, deep head by ulnar nerve

Opponens Pollicis

Origin: Trapezium

Insertion: 1st Metacarpal

Action: Flex and medially rotate at CMC joint

Innervation: Median Nerve

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin: lateral epicondyle

Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal

Action:Extend wrist, abduct, radially deviate wrist

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Origin: Lateral epicondyle

Insertion: Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Action: Extend wrist, abduct, and radially deviate wrist.

Innervation: Radial nerve

Extensor Digitorum

Origin: Lateral epicondyle

Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

Action: Extends joints from wrist to DIP joints of digits 2-5

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Origin: Lateral epicondyle

Insertion: Joints of the extensor digitorum

Action: Extends wrist and adducts (ulnar deviation)

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin:Lateral epicondyle and ulna

Insertion: Base of 5th metatarsal

Action: Extends wrist and adducts (Ulnar deviation)

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Origin: Radius and ulna

Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal

Action: Abduct and extend at CMC joint

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Origin: Radius

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of thumb

Action: Extend CMC and MCP joints of the thumb

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Origin: Ulna

Insertion:Distal Phalanx of thumb

Action: Extends CMC, MCP and IP joints of thumb

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Extensor Indicis

Origin: Ulna

Insertion: Joints tendons of extensor digitorum

Action: Extends all joints of index finger

Innervation: Radial nerve

Supinator

Origin: Lateral epicondyle and ulna

Insertion: Wraps around lateral surface of radius

Action: Supinates at forearm

Innervation: Radial nerve

Tibialis Anterior

Origin: Lateral condyle and surface of the tibia and surface of tibia

Insertion: Medial Cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

Action: Dorsiflex and invert the foot

Innervation: Deep Peroneal

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Origin: Lateral condyle of the tibia and surface of fibula

Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Action: Dorsiflex and evert, extend joints of toes 2-5

Innervation: Deep Peroneal

Extensor hallucis Longus

Origin: Anterior surface of fibula

Insertion: Distal phalanx of great toe

Action: Dorsiflex, invert, extend joints of big toe

Innervation: Deep Peroneal

Peroneus Tertius

Origin: Anterior surface of fibula

Insertion: Base of 5th metatarsal

Action: Dorsiflex and evert foot

Innervation: Deep Peroneal

Peroneus Longus

Origin: Head and lateral surface of fibula

Insertion: 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Action: Plantarflex and evert foot

Innervation: Superficial peroneal

Peroneus Brevis

Origin: Lateral surface of the fibula

Insertion: Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

Action: Plantarflex and evert foot

Innervation: Superficial peroneal

Gastrocnemius

Origin: Medial and lateral condyles and posterior surface of femur

Insertion: fuses with tendon of soleus and forms tendocalcaneus.

Action: Powerful plantarflexor and invert, can help flex the knee

Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Soleus

Origin: Head and posterior surface of the fibula and soleal line of tibia

Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus

Action: Plantarflex and invert

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Plantaris

Origin: Posterior surface of femur

Insertion: Joins achilles tendon to posterior calcaneus

Action: Plantarflex (not much though)

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Popliteus

Origin: Lateral condyle of femur

Insertion: Tibia

Action: Flex knee, medially rotate tibia; laterally rotate femur

Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Origin: Posterior surface of tibia

Insertion: Distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Action: Flexes all joints of toes 2-5, plantarflex and invert

Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Origin: Posterior surface of fibula

Insertion: distal phalanx of great toe

Action: Flex joints of big toe, plantarflex and invert

Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Tibialis Posterior

Origin: Fibula, tibia and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Tuberosity of navicular and all tarsals except talus

Action: Plantarflex and invert

Innervation: Tibial Nerve