Cell Division and Mitosis

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to cell division, the cell cycle, and the phases of mitosis.

Cell Division

The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.

Mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, consisting of four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm and organelles, occurring immediately after mitosis.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle when the cell is not actively dividing, consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases.

G1 Phase

The first subphase of interphase where the cell grows and synthesizes proteins.

S Phase

The phase of interphase where DNA is replicated.

G2 Phase

The second subphase of interphase where the cell prepares for mitosis.

Prophase

The first stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense and the nuclear membrane breaks down.

Metaphase

The stage of mitosis where chromatids align along the metaphase plate.

Anaphase

The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles.

Telophase

The final stage of mitosis where chromosomes arrive at the poles and the nuclear membrane reforms.

Checkpoints in the Cell Cycle

Regulatory points that ensure proper cell division and respond to cell damage.

Chromatin

Loose, thread-like form of DNA during interphase.

Chromosome

A distinct segment of DNA that carries genetic information.

Chromatid

Each half of a duplicated chromosome.

Cleavage Furrow

An indentation that begins the process of cytokinesis in animal cells.

Cell Plate

A structure that forms during cytokinesis in plant cells to separate the two daughter cells.

Exponential Growth

A rapid increase in cell numbers, often seen in bacteria under optimal conditions.

Different Cell Cycles

Variations in the cell cycle duration and phases depending on cell type.

Centrioles

Structures that help organize the mitotic spindle during cell division.