History Midterm

Champa Rice

Champa rice was a new variety of rice from Vietnam that was drought resistant which fed China’s massive population and increased it.

How did the Song Dynasty reestablish patriarchy during their reign?

Through Confucianism, they used foot - binding which was a custom where the feet of young girls were bound tightly and broken as a sign of beauty and status symbol.

Neo - Confucianism

A syncretic religion based upon Confucian teachings and Buddhist beliefs.

Syncretism

The practice of combining beliefs, ideas, and cultures.

Technological Advancements of Islamic Civilizations

• Preservation of Greek literature & philosophy

• Studying mathematics from India

• Adoption of paper - making techniques from China

  ***Islamic kingdoms expanded their influence on different parts of the world, so they were able to expand upon outside knowledge.

Caravanserai

Roadside inns commonly found along the Silk Road.

Mysticism

Finding truth & knowledge through direct personal experience with God.

Mita System

A mandatory public service that citizens of the Incan empire had to fufill.

Centralization of European Powers

European monarchs began to centralize their governments and small feudal kingdoms of Europe grew to larger ones.

Causes of the Renaissance

• Transmitted through trade with East Asia (Rats!)

• Lack of better hygiene practices

Effects of the Renaissance

• Humanism

• Literature, discoveries, technologies flourished

The Mongol Warrior Lifestyle

The Mongols lived in a harsh environment where they became self - sufficient pastoralists. They became skilled in hinting and horseback riding.

How were the Mongols able to establish large - scale empires?

• They were strong and adaptive warriors

• Their ruthless reputation created fear among their enemies

• Captured educated enemies to improve siege warfare & improve their forces

How did the Silk Road effect the people who inhabited its routes?

• Cultural Diffusion

  • Religious syncretism

  • Exchange of scientific & technological ideas

• Benefitted empires that were involved economically

Diasporic Communities

Any group that has dispersed outside its traditional homeland, either voluntarily or by migration.

Economic Consequences of Networks of Exchange

• New Monetary Systems

  • Flying Cash

  • Paper Money

• Alliances of trade between countries

  • Hanseatic League

• Mass production of goods

• Trade routes opened up and were safer from Mongols

Downfall of the Ming

• Pirate Raids

• Internal Problems

• Europeans began seeking new territory in East Asia

Legitamacy

The right and acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or regime.

Causes of Protestant Reformation

• Corruption

  • Indulgences

  • Brutal attacks on religious inquires

Effects of the Protestant Reformation

• Catholicism splintered into multiple sects

• 30 yrs. war

Absolutism

A system of government in which a king or queen has absolute power over their kingdom and lives of the people.

Effects of Gunpowder Technology

• Grew empires

• Served as a huge military advantage

• More cultural interactions

• A need for centralization

Economic Causes for Exploration

• establish new trade networks

• increase wealth

Dutch East India Company

A joint -stock company as the second oldest multinational corporation.

Encomienda System

A system where viceroys were given five regions of New Spain and were appointed native laborers. This system was to promote the spread of Christianity and the harvesting of American resources.

Repartimiento System

A reform to the Encomienda System. Christian missionaries were shocked at the treatment of natives despite promises of conversion.

External and Internal Challenges of Exploring Powers

• Religious conflicts (internal)

• Challenges with natives (external)

Mercantilism

An economic system in which a country exports more than it imports.