Personality theories in Psychology

personality theories,

Conscientiousness

Dr. Hill is constantly late for meetings. She often arrives to her classes 5 to 10 minutes late and leaves students waiting at her door during office hours for up to 30 minutes. Using the five-factor model, which dimension would show a very low score for Dr. Hill?

Anal expulsive personality

In Freudian theory, a personality type characterized by messiness, lack of self-discipline, and carelessness.

Reality Principle

Freudian principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result.

Pleasure principle

Freud's theory regarding the id's desire to maximize pleasure and minimize pain in order to achieve immediate gratification.

Anal retentive personality

In Freudian theory, a personality type characterized by perfectionism and excessive needs for self-control as expressed through extreme neatness and punctuality.

3 to 6

phallic stage age

Resolution of oedipus/ Electra complex in phallic stage

involves identification with same gender parent

Development of Super-Ego, according to Freud is a result of?

1. Oral (0.1.5)

2. Anal (1.5-3)

3. Phallic (3-6)

4. Latency (6-Puberty)

5. Genital (puberty onwards)

Which are the psychosexual staged by Freud

Castration anxiety

In psychoanalysis, the fear in young boys that they will be mutilated genitally because of their lust for their mothers

Identification

the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos

1. Oral sensory

2. muscular anal

3. locomotor genital

4. Latency

5. adolescence

6. young adulthood

7. Middle adulthood

8. maturity

Erikson’s 8 personality stages corresponding Freudian stages in order.

unconsious

Jung disagreed with Freud about the nature of the______

Personal unconscious

Jung's term for that portion of the unconscious corresponding roughly to the Freudian id

Personal unconscious

The unique unconscious held by individuals containing their repressed impulses, infantile memories, other forgotten events and experiences according to Jung

Sensation

Intuition

irrational functions, in the sense of their being perceptive, data gathering modes, according to Jung in understanding consciousness was

Thinking and feeling

the rational functions: they are ways of processing information and making decisions, according to Jung in understanding consciousness was?

1. Extraverted Thinking

2. Introverted Thinking

3. Extraverted Feeling

4. Introverted Feeling

5. Extraverted Sensation

6. Introverted Sensation

7. Extraverted Intuition

8. Introverted Intuition

8 personality types according to Jung

Extroverted thinking

Personality type that is Principled, idealistic, objective, rational according to jung?

Introverted thinking

Influenced and interest by ideas than people, independent, often fearful of intimacy according to Jung

Extraverted feeling

Personality type that is Adaptive, relating well to the external to Jung?

Introverted feeling

Personality type according to jung that is Sympathetic, and capable of deep emotions yet hard to be demonstrated and often reserved.

Extraverted sensation

Personality type according to jung that is Realistic, concrete, pleasant and friendly.

Introverted sensation

Personality type according to jung that is Calm and passive, restrained, private, reflective, and cautious personality who is controlled and controlling.

Extraverted intuition

Personality type according to jung that is Enterprising, outgoing, can be irresponsible.

Introverted intuition

Personality type according to jung that is Mystical, dreamer and artist. Can be obsessive. and mostly concerned with unconscious

Introversion and extraversion

Which are 2 attitudes of jung personality types

1. Sensation

2. Intuition

3. Thinking

4. Feeling

4 functions in jung personality types

Complex

Cluster of Emotionally charged ideas, memories, and perceptions revolve around a central theme (usually unresolved conflicts from childhood)

they reside in the personal unconscious

Collective unconscious

The unconscious contents that have been passed through generations, which are not dormant but very active according to Jung

Archetype

The content of collective unconscious that is a universal symbol, pattern deeply rooted in the collective unconscious of humanity.

1. Persona

2. Shadow

3. Anima/ Animus

4. Self

4 major archetypes of Jung?

Anima/ Animus

archetypes refer to Jung’s recognition that humans are essentially bisexual. By Jung

Animus

Masculine aspects of the female psyche.

Shadow

The Id, according to Freud, is driven by aggressive and sexual instincts. This corresponds to Jung’s archetype called?

Shadow

the archetype of darkness and repression, represents those qualities we do not wish to acknowledge but attempt to hide from ourselves and others

Important of sexuality
Humans are motivated by conscious goals and social drives

Alfred Adler was also in disagreement with Freud over

Inferiority complex

An inability to overcome inferiority feelings intensifies them, leading to the development of ?

superiority complex

A condition that develops when a person overcompensates for normal inferiority feelings.(Adler)

Compensation

The efforts to overcome feelings of inferiority by developing abilities as well as counterbalancing by striving to be superior in another area, figured prominently in Adler's theory

Adler

Who developed a theory that the birth order of a child affected personality

Safeguarding strategies

The unconscious tendencies developed by individuals to

1. protect their self-esteem,

2. maintain a sense of superiority,

3. and avoid feelings of inferiority in Individual psychology of Adler.

Striving for superiority

What guide personality according to adler

Creative self

A force by which each individual shape and form their unique personality according to adler in psychodynamic perspective is called?

inferiority feeling and striving for superiority

What promote motivation to all behaviour according to Adler’s individual psychology?

Organ inferior

Actual or perceived weaknesses or deficiencies in an individual's body/ material available for the construction of a normal well balanced personality pattern is called —- (Adler)

Masculine protest

First attempt of a child to escape from inferiority feeling using drive toward power in which aggression, a supposedly masculine characteristic, played a large part. ( adler)

1. Dominant/ Ruling Type

2. Getting type/ Dependent

3. avoiding

4. socially useful

4 different life styles by adler theory?

1. Excuses

2. aggression

3. withdrawal

major safeguarding strategies according to Adler

Womb envy

Horney’s term for an envy that men would feel as they cannot bear baby

Basic anxiety

anxiety created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults termed by Horney

Neurotic needs

Irrational defenses against anxiety that become a permanent part of personality and that affect behaviour according to horney

1. Affection and approval ( validation from others)

2. Admiration

3. Achievement or ambition

4. Dominant partner ( to be dependent)

5. Power

6. Prestige

7. Perfection

8. Narrow limits to life (self imposed limitations)

9. Exploitation (to gain from others)

10. Self-sufficiency

10 neurotic needs according to Horney, represent exaggerated or maladaptive strategies people use to cope with anxiety

1. Moving towards people/ compliant

2. Moving away/ detached

3. Moving against/ aggressive

Three fundamental neurotic trends of relating to others: which are they according to horney

Compliant personality

what personality type according to Horney will move towards people ( horney)

Detached personality

what kind of people according to horney will move away from other people ( Horney)

Aggressive personality

what personality type according to horney will move against people ( Horney)

Conflict

In Horney’s system, the basic incompatibility of the three neurotic trends is called

Idealised self image

The self image created by neurotics, according to horney, to unify their incompatible modes of behaviour based on an illusion, an unattainable ideal of absolute perfection.

Epigenetic principle of maturation by Erikson

The idea that development occurs in a predetermined sequence of stages, where each stage builds upon the resolution of the previous one.

It is governed by a sequence of stages that depend on genetic or hereditary factors

Genital

The fifth ego crisis stage given by Erikson, identity versus role confusion, corresponds to which of the Freud’s stages?

6 to 12

Age of Industry v/s inferiority

1. Trust v/s Distrust - 0 -1.5

2. Autonomy v/s shame/doubt 1.5 3

3. Initiative v/s guilt - 3 to 6

4. Industry v/s inferiority - 6 to 12

5. Identity v/s identity confusion 12 to 18

6. Intimacy v/s isolation 19 to 40

7. Generativity v/s stagnation 40 to 65

8. Integrity v/s despair 65+

8 psychosocial stages of Erikson theory of development with age corresponds to it

Syntonic (adaptive) and dystonic (maladaptive)

Every stage of psychosocial personality is a conflict between?

1. Hope

2. Will

3. Purpose

4. Competence

5. Fidelity

6. Love

7. Care

8. Wisdom

What are the Ego Strengths in correct sequence according to Erikson, stages of development,

1. Psychoanalytic

2. Humanistic

3. social cognitive

4. Trait

Which are major perspectives in studying personality? (4)

Humanistic

Which theory of personality are considered third force movement in contemporary psychology?

Humanistic

Least deterministic perspective of personality studies?

Humanistic

The theoretical perspective focuses on conscious life experiences and choices

Trait theory

which personality theories focuses on characteristics themselves, not roots of personality

set of learned responses

Personality is —— or habits for a behaviorist?

social cognitive theory

Theories emphasizing the importance of both the influences of other people's behavior and of a person's own expectancies on learning.

Expectancy

Term similar to bandura's self efficacy in Rotter's theory?

Rotter

You have walked in late to class, and your psychology professor is explaining how one personality theorist sees personality as a relatively stable set of potential responses to various situations. You know immediately that your professor is talking about the theories of

Internal locus of control

Nina appreciates compliments about her new photography business but really values constructive criticism, as she can then address particular issues. According to Julian Rotter, Nina has a(n)

Self concept

An important tool in human self-actualization is the development of

Fully functioning person

a person who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest, innermost urges, and feelings.

Conditional positive reagard

Karen's parents told her that they expected her to become a doctor, like her father and grandfather before her. They told her that if she chose any other career, they would no longer support her or respect her choice. According to Rogers, Karen's parents were giving her

Raymond cattel

a psychologist who identified 16 source traits, and by factor analysis

Surface traits and source traits

2 kind of traits that are manifested in in Trait theory of Cattel ?

Surface traits

Aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outward actions of a person.(CATTEL)

Source traits

the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming the core of personality. (Cattel)

Openness

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism

Which are the 5 factors in 5 factor theory of personality by Mccrea and costa?

Conscientiousness

This trait reflects an individual's degree of

1. self-discipline,

2. organization,

3. dependability, and

4. goal-directed behavior.

changing, Predicting

Trait theories are less concerned with _______________personality and more concerned with __________personality

Cybernetic Big Five Theory of DeYoung

Theory of personality explains personality as a self regulating system that regulates behavior to achieve goals, explandin on big 5

the Big Five traits interact with each other to help an individual adapt and maintain a stable personality system

Reaction formation

You are shocked to hear that two of your coworkers who seemingly hated one another are now getting married. According to Freud, what defense mechanism best explains their prior behavior?

Phallic

According to Freud, during what stage does the superego emerge?

Dynamic process

the interaction and conflict among the id, ego, and superego.

situation-behavior profile

In order to understand your friends' individual personalities, their individual trait scores are not enough. Walter Mischel would say you must also understand each person's

Type C

Which type of personality describes people who are highly cooperative, conflict-avoidant, suppress their emotions (especially anger), and prioritize others' needs over their own.

A pleasant but repressed person,

Famous for analytical skills

Type B

People with —— personalities may be laid-back, flexible, and patient.

Implicit personality theory

A psychological concept that describes how people unconsciously form assumptions about others' personalities based on limited information, relating certain traits to each other

Eg:

• “many people believe that someone who is kind is generous as well”

Solomon asch

theorists who propounded implicit personality theory

(Implicit personality theory: People make automatic judgements about others based on just few characteristics based on a prior organised ideas of traits in their mind)

Type A and Type D

personality type prone to coronary heart disease (CHD) are

Cardinal disposition

According to Allport's theory the personal disposition that develop later i life, which is pervasive, rare, dominant and define a person's entire personality. is called?

1. introversion- extraversion

2. thinking- feeling

3. perceiving -judging

4. sensation- intuition

4 diamensions of MBTI (myers briggs Type indicator)

Psychoticism

What is a personality type Reflects qualities like aggressiveness, impulsivity, and tough-mindedness by eysneck?

Extraversion

What is a personality type Reflects qualities Focuses on sociability, assertiveness, and sensation-seeking.s by eysneck?

Neuroticism

What is a personality type involves emotional reactivity, anxiety, and resilience by eysneck?

psychoticism vs. socialization.

extroversion vs. introversion,

neuroticism vs. stability

3 specific personality dimensions according to Eysenck Trait theory of personality