Period 4: Global Wars to Globalization (All Dates Reviewer)

June 28, 1914

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

July 23, 1914

Austria-Hungary issues ultimatum to Serbia

July 28, 1914

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

July 29, 1914

Russia begins mobilization

August 1, 1914

Germany declares war on Russia

August 3, 1914

Germany declares war on France

August 26–30, 1914

Germans defeat Russians at Tannenberg

September 5–10, 1914

First Battle of the Marne

1914

Completion of the Panama Canal

April 25, 1915

Gallipoli campaign begins

May 7, 1915

Sinking of the Lusitania

February 21, 1915

Germans begin attack on Verdun

July 1, 1916

British launch attack at the Somme

January 19, 1917

Zimmermann Telegram

February 1, 1917

Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare

December 3, 1917

Bolsheviks sign armistice with Germany

April 6, 1917

United States declares war on Germany

February 1917

Provisional Government established in Russia

November 1917

Bolshevik seizure of power

1918

Worldwide influenza outbreak

1918

Female suffrage begins in Great Britain

November 10, 1918

Germany Republic established after abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II

1918

Armistice brings the war to a close

1919

Treaty of Versailles

1919

Mussolini organizes first Fascist party

1919

Weimar Constitution established

1920

Formation of Communist International

1922

Mussolini becomes Prime Minister of Italy

1923

German hyperinflation

1923

Beer Hall Putsch

1924

Death of Lenin

1924

Dawes Plan

1925

Treaty of Lucarno

1928

First Soviet Five-Year Plan

1929

Beginning of collectivized farms in Soviet Union

1929

Lateran Accord between Mussolini and the Catholic Church

1929

Young Plan

1929

Stock market crash

1930

Nazis make huge electoral gains

1931

Bank failures

1932

Hindenburg defeats Hitler for the German presidency

1932

Nazis become largest party in Reichstag

1933

Hitler becomes chancellor

1933

Reichstag fire

1933

Enabling Act

1933

Germany withdraws from League of Nations

1933

German boycott of Jewish businesses

1934

Beginning of the Great Terror in the Soviet Union

1934

“Night of the Long Knives”

1934

Hitler becomes führer after death of Hindenburg

1935

Germany openly begins rearmament

1935

Italian invasion of Ethiopia

1935

Nuremberg Laws directed against German Jews

1936

Berlin Olympics

1936

German remilitarization of the Rhineland

1936

Beginning of the Spanish Civil War

1938

Germany absorbs Austria in Anschluss

1938

Munich Agreement leads to dismemberment of Czechoslovakia

November 9, 1938

Kristallnacht

1939

Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact

1939

Invasion of Poland

1939

Britain and France declare war on Germany

1940

Fall of France

1940

Winston Churchill replaces Chamberlain as prime minister

July–October 1940

Battle of Britain

1940 - 1941

Germans begin Blitz on British cities

1941

Germany launches Operation Barbarossa

1941

Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

1941

30,000 Jews killed at Babi Yar over two days

1941

Atlantic Charter

1942

German advance stopped at Stalingrad

1942

Battle of Midway (June)

1942

Wansee Conference organizes the Final Solution

1943

Battle of Kursk

1943

Allies land in Italy

1943

Mussolini’s government fails

1943

Warsaw ghetto uprising

1944

Percentages Agreement between Churchill and Stalin

June 6, 1944

D-Day

December 16, 1944

Germans launch Battle of the Bulge

February 4–11, 1945

Yalta Conference

April 30, 1945

Hitler commits suicide

May 8, 1945

V-E Day

July 1945

Victory of British Labour Party over Conservatives

July 17–August 2, 1945

Potsdam Conference

August 6, 1945

Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima

August 14, 1945

V-J Day

October 1945

United Nations’ charter is ratified

November 1945

Nuremberg Trials for crimes against humanity begin

1946

Establishment of French Fourth Republic

1946

Referendum establishes the Italian Republic

1946

Churchill delivers Iron Curtain speech at Westminster College

1947

George Kennan writes the “Long Telegram”

1947

Truman Doctrine

1947

Introduction of the Marshall Plan

1947

India and Pakistan become independent states

1948

Break between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia

1948

Establishment of the State of Israel

1948

National Health Service established in Great Britain

1948

Soviet dominance in Eastern Europe solidified