June 28, 1914
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
July 23, 1914
Austria-Hungary issues ultimatum to Serbia
July 28, 1914
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
July 29, 1914
Russia begins mobilization
August 1, 1914
Germany declares war on Russia
August 3, 1914
Germany declares war on France
August 26–30, 1914
Germans defeat Russians at Tannenberg
September 5–10, 1914
First Battle of the Marne
1914
Completion of the Panama Canal
April 25, 1915
Gallipoli campaign begins
May 7, 1915
Sinking of the Lusitania
February 21, 1915
Germans begin attack on Verdun
July 1, 1916
British launch attack at the Somme
January 19, 1917
Zimmermann Telegram
February 1, 1917
Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare
December 3, 1917
Bolsheviks sign armistice with Germany
April 6, 1917
United States declares war on Germany
February 1917
Provisional Government established in Russia
November 1917
Bolshevik seizure of power
1918
Worldwide influenza outbreak
1918
Female suffrage begins in Great Britain
November 10, 1918
Germany Republic established after abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II
1918
Armistice brings the war to a close
1919
Treaty of Versailles
1919
Mussolini organizes first Fascist party
1919
Weimar Constitution established
1920
Formation of Communist International
1922
Mussolini becomes Prime Minister of Italy
1923
German hyperinflation
1923
Beer Hall Putsch
1924
Death of Lenin
1924
Dawes Plan
1925
Treaty of Lucarno
1928
First Soviet Five-Year Plan
1929
Beginning of collectivized farms in Soviet Union
1929
Lateran Accord between Mussolini and the Catholic Church
1929
Young Plan
1929
Stock market crash
1930
Nazis make huge electoral gains
1931
Bank failures
1932
Hindenburg defeats Hitler for the German presidency
1932
Nazis become largest party in Reichstag
1933
Hitler becomes chancellor
1933
Reichstag fire
1933
Enabling Act
1933
Germany withdraws from League of Nations
1933
German boycott of Jewish businesses
1934
Beginning of the Great Terror in the Soviet Union
1934
“Night of the Long Knives”
1934
Hitler becomes führer after death of Hindenburg
1935
Germany openly begins rearmament
1935
Italian invasion of Ethiopia
1935
Nuremberg Laws directed against German Jews
1936
Berlin Olympics
1936
German remilitarization of the Rhineland
1936
Beginning of the Spanish Civil War
1938
Germany absorbs Austria in Anschluss
1938
Munich Agreement leads to dismemberment of Czechoslovakia
November 9, 1938
Kristallnacht
1939
Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact
1939
Invasion of Poland
1939
Britain and France declare war on Germany
1940
Fall of France
1940
Winston Churchill replaces Chamberlain as prime minister
July–October 1940
Battle of Britain
1940 - 1941
Germans begin Blitz on British cities
1941
Germany launches Operation Barbarossa
1941
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
1941
30,000 Jews killed at Babi Yar over two days
1941
Atlantic Charter
1942
German advance stopped at Stalingrad
1942
Battle of Midway (June)
1942
Wansee Conference organizes the Final Solution
1943
Battle of Kursk
1943
Allies land in Italy
1943
Mussolini’s government fails
1943
Warsaw ghetto uprising
1944
Percentages Agreement between Churchill and Stalin
June 6, 1944
D-Day
December 16, 1944
Germans launch Battle of the Bulge
February 4–11, 1945
Yalta Conference
April 30, 1945
Hitler commits suicide
May 8, 1945
V-E Day
July 1945
Victory of British Labour Party over Conservatives
July 17–August 2, 1945
Potsdam Conference
August 6, 1945
Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
August 14, 1945
V-J Day
October 1945
United Nations’ charter is ratified
November 1945
Nuremberg Trials for crimes against humanity begin
1946
Establishment of French Fourth Republic
1946
Referendum establishes the Italian Republic
1946
Churchill delivers Iron Curtain speech at Westminster College
1947
George Kennan writes the “Long Telegram”
1947
Truman Doctrine
1947
Introduction of the Marshall Plan
1947
India and Pakistan become independent states
1948
Break between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia
1948
Establishment of the State of Israel
1948
National Health Service established in Great Britain
1948
Soviet dominance in Eastern Europe solidified