zanzot exam 2

Members of phylum Bryophyta are:

Dominant gametophyte

Is Psilophyta vascular or nonvascular?

Seedless Vascular

Which of these phyla have photosynthetic sporophytes?
-Anthocerophyta
-Hepatophyta
-Bryophyta

Anthocerophyta

What are features that describe non-vascular plants?

- require liquid water for fertilization
-Sporophyte dependent on gametophyte
-Gametophyte dominant
-Small; under 40 cm tall

What does this image depict?

Archegoniophores

what does this image depict?

antheridiophores

The red tips on the end of certain mosses are known as:

capsules

What phylum does the plant pictured below belong to? What plant and what are the round attachments?

Hepatophyta; Liverwort with gemma cups

Meiosis occurs inside the \______ of mosses.

capsule

A structure that changes shape or position with changes in moisture are:

hygroscopic

Seedless vascular plants include which phyla?

Lycophyta, Psilophyta, Pteridophyta, Equisetophyta

Seedless vascular plants share which characteristics?

vascular tissue, dominant sporophytes

dermal tissue system

cells that produce waxes and other hydrophobic substances to reduce water loss

vascular tissue system

xylem (moves water and nutrients) and phloem (moves photosynthate)

Ground tissue system

storage of materials, filling space

A microphyll has \_____ strand of \_____

one; vascular tissue

What seedless vascular phylum is not in the superphylum Monilophyta?

Lycophyta

What seedless vascular phylum has heterosporous members?

Lycophyta

What phylum is this plant in?

Psilophyta

What is the alternative name for the fully-developed gametophyte in ferns (Phylum Pteridophyta)?

prothallus

An underground, laterally growing stem found in ferns is called the:

rhizome

What are some characteristics shared by ALL gymnosperms?

Seeds
Vascular tissue
Sporophyte dominance
heterosporous

Gymnosperms phyla:

coniferophyta, cycadophyta, ginkgophyta, gnetophyta

DIPLOID structures in gymnosperms

Leaves
Bark
Microsporophylls
Microsporocyte

Which cells will undergo meiosis?

Megasporocyte
Megaspore mother cell
Microsporocyte

Seeds characteristics:

Are a 'telescoping of generations'
Are multicellular
Result from fertilization
Contain a food source for the new plant
Contain a new embryonic sporophyte

Flowering plants have what features?

Vascular tissue
Sporophyte dominant
Seeds
Heterosporous
Fruits

What comprises Calyx (a floral whorl)?

sepals

What comprises Corolla (a floral whorl)?

petals

What comprises Androecium (a floral whorl)?

stamens

What comprises Gynoecium (a floral whorl)?

carpels

T or F: Only flowering plants produce fruits, and all flowering plants produce a fruit

true

The flower shown here (a hibiscus flower) demonstrated adnation between:

Androecium and gynoecium

A tubular corolla means a flower has:

Connation in the corolla

The inflorescence shown in the picture below is a(n):

umbel

This image shows a(n):

Composite head or capitulum

Orchids are in which group of flowering plants?

monocots

What cells in the megagametophyte have two nuclei?

Central Cell

Double fertilization means both sperm fuse with cells in the megagametophyte. Which cells do they fuse with?

egg and polar nuclei

Dandelions are adapted for bee pollination and wind dispersal of the seeds. This is:

Melittophily (bees) and anemochory (wind)

Drupe

fleshy mesocarp with a stony endocarp

Samara

a dry, indehiscent fruit with wings

Achene

dry, indehiscent fruit attached to the seed at a single point

Follicle

dry dehiscent fruit that opens along a single suture

Mulitple Fruit

many flowers comprising a single fruit

An avocado has a fleshy mesocarp and a large seed in the middle. Botanically speaking, avocados are:

berries

What phylum does this plant belong to

Bryophyta

What phylum does this belong to?

Magnoliophyta

Phylum?

Hepatophyta

Phylum?

Pteridophyta

Phylum?

Cycadophyta

Phylum?

Lycophyta

Phylum?

Ginkgophyta

What are the round things in this photo?

Seeds

Phylum?

Gnetophyta

Evolutionary order of these phylums:
Ginkgophyta
Bryophyta
Pteridophyta
Magnoliophyta

Bryophyta
Pteridophyta
Ginkgophyta
Magnoliophyta

Evolutionary order of these phyla:
Gnetophyta
Anthophyta
Hepatophyta
Psilophyta

Hepatophyta
Psilophyta
Gnetophyta
Anthophyta

Evolutionary order of these adaptations:
Vascular tissue
Seeds
Land
Flowers

Land
Vascular tissue
Seeds
Flowers

Evolutionary order of these phyla:
Arthrophyta
Cycadophyta
Anthocerophyta
Anthophyta

Anthocerophyta
Arthrophyta
Cycadophyta
Anthophyta

Put these traits in order from most ancestral to most derived:
Heterospory
Double fertilization
Gametophyte dominant
Sporophyte dominant

Gametophyte dominant
Sporophyte dominant
Heterospory
Double fertilization

What inflorescence is this?

head

What inflorescence is this?

Spike

What pollination does this flower use?

melittophily

This flower exhibits:

Adnation between androecium and gynoecium

orchids are:

Zygomorphic

Cactus flowers are often pollinated by:

bats

Flowers of grass are pollinated by:

wind

the fruit of a grass is:

A caryopsis

Morning glories show:

Connation in the corolla

Corolla colors that attract bees

white, violet, yellow (UV light as well)

Melittophily

bee pollination

Psychophily

butterfly pollination

Phalaenophily

moth pollination

Myophily

fly pollination

Ornithophily

bird pollination

Chiropterophily

bat pollination

Anemophily

wind pollination

Zoochory \=

dispersal by animals

Ornithochory \=

dispersal by birds

Hydrochory \=

dispersal by water

Myrmecochory \=

dispersal by ants

Anemochory \=

dispersal by wind

panicle inflorescence

branching of the pedicels with flowers

spike inflorescence

unbranched, elongated infloresence with sessile flowers

raceme inflorescence

unbranched, elongated inflorescence whose flowers have pedicels

Simple umbel inflorescence

An inflorescence with a number of pedicels attached at a single node

compound umbel inflorescence

an umbel of umbels

head inflorescence

dense cluster of sessile or sub sessile flowers

Gnetophyta

- includes 3 genera that differ in ecology but are similar in reproduction
- have small cones
- Ephedra: grows in North America -\> source of ephedrine (stimulant)
-NO FRUIT

Ginkgophyta

A phylum of gymnosperms represented by a single extant species, Ginkgo biloba (Maidenhair Tree), characterized by fanlike leaves that turn gold and are deciduous in autumn. Fleshy, smelly seed coat. NO FRUIT

Cycadophyta

Cycads (short, palm-like)
•Dioecious
•Microsporangiate strobilus
•Megasporangiate strobilus
•Herbivorous beetles feed in pollen cones
-Precursor to zoophily or animal pollination

Coniferophyta

phylum that includes seed plants that form cones; Oldest and Tallest phylum

Coniferophyta life cycle

aka gymnosperms (naked-seeds): cone-bearing (pines, firs, spruces, junipers, redwoods, cedars); pollen-bearing male + ovule-bearing female cones; seeds produced in unprotected megaspores near surface of reproductive structure. Fertilization and seed development are lengthy (requires one to three years).

seedless vascular plants are:

paraphyletic

Equisetophyta

1 extant genus -Equisetum ("living fossils")
•Horsetail ferns, scouring rushes, pot scrubbers
•Hollow ribbed stem, toughened with silica
•Whorls of microphylls
•Strobili with sporangiophores, sporophylls
•Elaters function in spore dispersal

Pteridophyta

true ferns
pinnately compound
Circinate vernation
Rhizome and adventitious roots
Sorus \= cluster of sporangia
Indusium
Annulus

Pteridophyta Life Cycle

Bryophyta life cycle

1. Gametophyte (n)
2. mitosis --\> PROTONEMA
3. meristems "leafy shoots"
4. mitosis --\> gametophytes pop up
4.5 sperm splash into vase-like archegonium
5. syngamy --\> zygote (2n)
6. mitosis --\> sporophyte (depend. on gametophyte)

Hepatophyta Life Cycle

Magnoliophyta life cycle