Foreign Policy 1547-49

What was E6 foreign policy built on?

His father’s policy- H8

What was H8 two single aims for England?

Not get involved in an European venture unless it proved impossible not to do so

Do whatever was good for England

Why weren’t the Catholic nations in Europe united against a common foe?

Catholic France wary of ambitions of Catholic Holy Roman Empire

Catholic France feared Catholic Spain on her southwestern border

What did mainland Europe being involved with its own issues mean for England?

It could pick her own allies so the nation could benefit

What presented a problem to the Privy Council?

E6 as a minor

What may major powers in Europe present a youthful king as?

A weakness

What did the Privy Council believe France would do?

Exploit the situation by encouraging Scotland to attack England

How had H8 tried to resolve any future problems with Scotland?

Trying to get E6 to marry MQOS

What major problems would the marriage alliance between E6 and MQOS give the Privy Council?

The French connection Mary had would give France a backdoor into English policies

People believed that Mary was the rightful heir to the throne after death of E6 and Mary Tudor

What was Somerset’s decision as head of the Privy Council?

Isolate Scotland and sign a defensive agreement with France

Why would this method not work with France?

Francis I death led to the accession of henry II, who was more aggressive

What did Henry II view a defensive alliance with England as?

A sign of national weakness

What did Somerset had no choice but to do after the refusal?

Improve the defences of Calais and Boulogne and ordered that the Royal Navy should patrol the English Channel and make a show of doing so

What did Henry II do in June 1547?

Sent 4000 troops to Scotland

What were the troops to England?

A threat to the English border

How did Somerset directly intervene with this theat?

He and Dudley (Earl of Warwick) led a joint land/ sea attack on Scotland

What were the English forces equipped with?

Modern cannon and well-trained cavalry

When did this reach the inroads into Scotland from Berwick?

September 1547

What did the English look set to advance on?

Edinburgh

How did Scotland stop the city from being bombarded?

Scottish army crossed the River Esk and attacked the English

What was the battle called between England and Scotland?

Battle of Pinkie

When was the Battle of Pinkie?

10th September 1547

Who was defeated in the Battle of Pinkie?

Scotland

What did Somerset not have enough forces to do?

Occupy Scotland

When did the English army withdraw?

September 18th 1547

What did the English victory stir up?

English nationalism

Where did the Scottish nobles meet to discuss?

Stirling

What did the Scottish nobles decide?

To ask more help from Henry II

What were Scotland willing to offer France?

MQOS as a future wife to Henry II son, Francis

What happened to relations between England and France?

Soured

What was Somerset faced with the real prospect of?

Two united enemies- one with common border in north and one across the Channel in the south

Why couldn’t Somerset fight them both?

It would be a burden on the nation both financially and militarily

Who did Somerset appeal to for an alliance?

Scotland

Who did Scotland prefer to cultivate relations with?

France

What happened June 1548?

A French fleet landed 10,000 troops in Scotland

What happened August 1548?

MQOS moved to France

What did Henry II now believe Scotland and France was?

One nation

Why did foreign policy take on a lower profile in England?

Somerset had many domestic issues to deal with

Who were the commanders of the English armies in southern Scotland?

Lord Wharton and Lord Grey

What did the English commanders seek?

Help from Somerset on what to do

What support did the commanders receive?

None

What was a eventually consequence of Somerset’s lack of involvement and commitment?

It was held against him when he was arrested

What did this lack of involvement encourage Scotland to do?

Attack the English garrisons in Scotland

Where were 5000 English troops besieged?

Garrisons at Haddington Castle

What rebellion forced Somerset to bring back the English garrisons based in Scotland?

Rebellion by English peasants in 1549

Why were the forces needed in England?

To put down the rebellions

Why were French forces removed from Scotland?

They couldn’t afford to keep their men in Scotland

Why was the situation left with nothing resolved?

Scotland was not in a position to attack England by itself