AFAM 3711 Midterm Review

stereotype threat

Stifling risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one's cultural group.

culturally relevant pedagogy

Centering student cultures, lesson usefulness, and broad academic success.

low expectation cycles

Poor teacher beliefs and actions causing negative student beliefs, actions, and performance.

role modeling

The act of demonstrating behaviors that encourage students to graduate and enter college, often influenced by teacher representation.

Doll studies

Experiments showing that white doll choice indicates a 'badge of inferiority' effect from pre-Brown v. Board school segregation.

slavery literacy ban

Broad prohibition against teaching enslaved people to read as a means of control.

Reconstruction education

Post-Civil War education efforts led by Black legislators to establish public education during a 12-year army-protected vote.

Brown v. Board

Supreme Court case that invalidated school segregation as unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause.

Indian boarding schools

Institutions aimed at erasing Indian culture among youth on reservations.

segregation academies

Religious schools founded to reinstate segregation, often backed by groups like the Daughters of the Confederacy.

Bacon’s Rebellion

A multicultural class rebellion of 1676 that prompted the British monarch to enact racial laws.

manifest destiny

A xenophobic belief that Europeans were pre-ordained to take Indian land in the Americas.

indentured servitude

A classist contract system involving a journey to the US in exchange for 4-7 years of labor.

coverture

Legal doctrine rendering women without rights, defined solely by roles as daughter, wife, or mother under men.

enslavement

A modern form of slavery that is permanent, racial, and hereditary through the mother.

Black Wall Street

One of many successful Black towns that was burned down by segregationists.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A successful protest against bus segregation involving a year-long economic withdrawal.

Progress Plaza

A successful Black shopping center in Philadelphia that utilized cooperative group economics.

intersectionality

The overlaps of identities and discrimination that create unique realities requiring specific study.

Benezet (Anthony)

A Quaker who founded the first school for African Americans.

Quaker Antislavery Protest

The first antislavery publication, published in 1688.

Star Spangled Banner

The national anthem whose third verse glorifies the death of Black loyalist soldiers offered freedom by the British.

Kerner Report

1968 report revealing continued segregation and inequality in the US post-MLK assassination and unrest.

Moynihan Report

1969 report correlating single-parent households with urban family poverty and immobility.

Federal poverty guidelines

Standards for federal assistance programs that increase with inflation and family size.

convict leasing

System that exploits the 13th Amendment prison exception to reinstate slavery through petty crime labor.

reparations

Compensation to African Americans for enslavement and other government injustices.

compensated emancipation

Payment that the Union granted to plantation owners for emancipated former slaves.

racially distinct poverty

A form of poverty experienced by Black communities that is longer in duration and spatially concentrated.

concentrated poverty

A situation where 30% or more of a neighborhood's population lives in poverty.