lord help study 3

Next Step Reality

Study thoroughly the way media stretches or enhances real life events or facts, in order to make them more appealing to audiences.

Bumpers

5 second segments before and after commercial breaks to help differentiate between ads and content.

Host-Selling

Using a character from a show to be a product spokesperson.

Parental Media Regulation Styles

1) Imposing restrictions: parents regulate how much, when, and which types of media is watched. 2) Co-viewing: parents watch media with children. 3) Active meditation: having conversations with children about media content; positive/negative. 4) Use program ratings/V-chips.

Context of Violence in Children’s Media

All are true, funny, attractive hero, etc.

Social Learning

Tendency to look to others for examples of appropriate social behavior.

Dimensions of Media Literacy

1) Cognitive (what we learn). 2) Emotional (emotions we're encouraged to feel). 3) Moral (moral lessons learned). 4) Aesthetic (lighting, angles, etc.).

Benjamin Day | Penny Press

Benjamin Day: Printed first successful penny paper, New York Sun, 1833. Penny Press: newspapers made possible by printing innovations that allowed them to sell for one cent, making them affordable to working and middle-class readers.

Yellow Journalism | Objective Journalism

Yellow Journalism: Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. Objective Journalism: A model of news reporting that is based on the communication of "facts" rather than opinions and that is "fair" in that it presents all sides of partisan debate.

Different Perspectives of News

1) Political/Philosophy Perspective: views news as a tool to inform citizens and support democracy. 2) Professional Journalism Perspective: emphasizes ethical standards, objectivity, and accuracy in reporting. 3) Economic/Marketing Perspective: sees news as a product designed to attract audiences and generate revenue.

Fourth Estate

The notion that the press operates as an unofficial branch of government, monitoring the legislative, judicial, and executive branches for abuses of power.

Constraints Shaping News Production

1) Constant Deadlines. 2) Limited access to sources. 3) Limited financial resources.

News Formulas

1) Inverted Pyramid Formula: presents the most important information first, followed by supporting details. 2) Entertainment Formula: emphasizes stories that are sensational, dramatic, or emotionally engaging. 3) Simplified Extended Conflict: focuses on ongoing conflicts between clearly defined parties to keep audiences engaged.

Commercial Bias | Contextual Bias

Commercial Bias: the tendency of the media to make coverage and programming decisions based on what will attract a large audience and maximize profits. Contextual Bias: absence of historical, social, political context.

Agenda Setting

Determining which public-policy questions will be debated or considered.

Ivy Lee | Press Release

Ivy Lee: Father of Public Relations. Press Release: a document offering an official comment or position.

Propaganda Model of News

1) Ownership: News reflects the interests of media owners, usually large corporations. 2) Advertising: Media favors stories that attract audiences and avoid offending advertisers. 3) Sourcing: Journalists rely on official or elite sources, biasing news toward elite perspectives. 4) Flak: Threats, complaints, or backlash pressure media to avoid controversial stories. 5) Ideology: News uses prevailing ideologies or fear (e.g., anti-communism, terrorism) to frame stories in favor of elites.