Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Chloroplast

The organelle where photosynthesis takes place

Chlorophyll

The pigment responsible for absorbing light and for the color green in plants

Thylakoid membrane

This is where the light dependent reactions occurs

Light dependent reactions

This phase produces O2, ATP, and NADPH

Photosystem II

This is the first stage that occurs in the thylakoid membrane, where the e- gets excited and photolysis happens

Photolysis

The splitting of two H2O molecules, releasing oxygen and 2H+

Electron transport chain

This is where the excited e- gets transferred to, causing chemiosmosis

Chemiosmosis

The movement of electrons, triggering the creation of the proton gradient

Proton gradient

Made after chemiosmosis through ATP synthase, where P+ are pumped from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma

Photosystem I

This is where NADP+ becomes NADPH after accepting electrons and NADP+ reductase

Total amount of ATP and NADPH

18 ATP and 12 NADPH is needed for one glucose molecule and two cycles of the Calvin cycle

Calvin cycle

Also known as light dependent phase or dark stage, normally still occurring at day but can occur at night

Outputs of the Calvin cycle

The Calvin cycle releases 1G3P to help with the glucose synthesis

Carbon fixation

3CO2 molecules enter and are fixed by RUBISCO, then attaches 3RUBP from the previous stage

One 6-carbon molecule

Is made in the carbon fixation stage, but is then turned into 6-3PGA molecules

Reduction phase

The 6-3PGA molecules are phosphorylated by 6 ATP molecules and 6 NADPH molecules to become 6-G3P, where one G3P molecule leaves the cycle

Regeneration of RUBP

In order to regenerate 3 RUBP, 3 ATP is needed for the 5-G3P molecules

Photosynthesis equation

6H2O + 6CO2 + Light = C6H12O6 + 602

Phosphorylation

When ADP is turned into ATP using ATP synthase, or simply adding a phosphate group