[FYE] (P2) Threshold 6 | Language and Collective Learning

ámánang kabiasnan

which translates to ‘inherited wisdom’. This wisdom is not just written but communicated verbally, lived, and shared through their language, amánung sísuan.

The amánung sísuan (mother tongue)

was the basis of Kapampángan’s collective learning. It was in the language that they kept their myth, stories, proverbs, and culture which bore moral teachings and community values.

amánung sísuan

The Kapampángan language is known as _______, which literally translates to ‘to suckle or nurtured language’. This conveys an idea that the language is just as natural as life-giving, like a mother’s milk that gives life to her child, that is also something that is acquired from birth and takes through care.

Aman, susu

The word ‘amanung’ stems from ‘____’, which means ‘speech’ or ‘word’, while ‘sisuan’ is a derivative of ‘____’, which means ‘to suckle’ or ‘to nurse’.

amánung sísuan

indicates that the Kapampángan language is something that is natural and life-giving, not learned through solely education, but rather through intimate daily communication within the family and community (Manapsal & Layug, 2023)

artes

The first things that the Spanish missionaries did upon arriving in the Philippines was to study local languages. They did not teach their converts because it was easier for the missionaries to learn the local language than teach the natives the Spanish language. Through studying local language, the missionaries eventually wrote ____ (grammars_ and vocabularies (dictionaries), which served as a guidebook for the next missionaries.

Fray Diego Bergaño

During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, it was a good fortune for the Kapampángan that one of the most brilliant lexicographers of the Augustinian Order, ______, OSA, was assigned to Pampanga in the 18th century.

Arte de la Lengua Pampanga (1729), Bocabulario de Pampango en Romance y Diccionario de Romance en Pampango (1732)

With the help of Don Juan Zuñiga, Fray Diego Bergaño produced two masterpieces, the _______________, which deals with the Kapampángan grammar, and the ________________________________________, which deals with Kapampángan words and their meaning.

Fr. Fr. Edilberto Santos and Fr. Vernancio Samson

With the help of Don Juan Zuñiga, Fray Diego Bergaño produced two masterpieces, the Arte de la Lengua Pampanga (1729), which deals with the Kapampángan grammar, and the Bocabulario de Pampango en Romance y Diccionario de Romance en Pampango (1732), which deals with Kapampángan words and their meaning. Translated versions of these works are being translated separately by two Kapampángan priests, ________ and ________.

ABAGAT

Violent wind coming from the sea.

ABLI

Payment received for a thing sold.

ACDUT

Pinch, small piece or small bit, the act of pinching; it is used to describe a thing/person that lacks a small piece.

AC-CLA

A species of kind of prawn / shrimp, that gives a cracking sound with its shells.

BACÁS

Track, footprint, mark left behind, trace.

BAYÂ

Abscess, large boil, furuncle; bayan, one who has it; mabayâ, tender, sore, swollen.

BAIQUI

Mumps

GAMAL

to seize or grip or take with the hand what can be picked up with utensil or instrument.

GUILI

Cut or sliced length wise, sliding the knife.

ICAT

To weave, make plaits, or to encase the edges of skirts, or of socks.

/h/

The Kapampángan language has a unique phonemic structure that omits the ___ sound. This feature is evident in the writing practices of different eras. The ancient script of Kapampángan, which is Kulitan, does not have the character ____.

Maria Sinukaun

is a goddess who guards Mount Arayat. _______ was known for her kindness and magical powers that blessed the good and punished the greedy. Legend says she still watches over Pampanga, protecting its people and nature with her enduring spirit. This story teaches Kapampángan lessons about generosity, how respect the nature, and what might be the consequences of being greedy. Through storytelling, communities internalized these values, which guide the behavior of Kapampángan in real life.

Sun ((Ápûng Sínukuan) and Moon (Ápûng Maliári)

[Ing Árî] in Kapampángan mythology, the _________ and the _______ are two celestial kings whose light and power shape the universe.

Sun, Moon

Right now, the Kapampángan believes that the ____ resides now in Mt. Arayat and the ______ resides in Mt. Pinatubo. On June 15, 1991, locals in Angeles saw a strange celestial being which they interpreted that ___ was seeking revenge that is why Mt. Pinatubo erupted. Some legends says that Sen sent his protector, Ápûng Galúrâ (Garuda), to shield the people. This myth teaches the Kapampángan people about respecting nature.

Pámanaruk Kabaldúgan

Regarding the Kapampángan concept of ___________, it is important to note that Kapampángan myths, stories, and proverbs reveal a profound understanding of truth and wisdom based on practical experiences. The Kapampángan way of truth embodies the process of depth and endless broadening of understanding through the concept of __________.

truth

The Kapampángan view of ____ is something enormous and limitless, like a lake's deep and immeasurable waters. For the Kapampángan, comprehension should not be limited by a sole definition, but rather be as wide, profound, and fluid as a lake. It signifies accepting the infinite character of truth.

to drop

In Kapampángan, the word kabaldúgan is derived from the word ‘baldug’, which means ‘_____’. It is connected to the lake (truth).

IBUG/ Pángaibúgan daka

means a desire or craving or a strong uncontrollable feeling. Before the Western influence, ibug expressed pure passion and natural emotion. Saying this was once a sincere love confession. But when Christian values arrived, it became private and taboo.

BURÎ / Burí daka

is like or fondness or innocent affection. It is often used by children of friends. This means “I like you” which means pure love without romantic content.

SINTÂ / Pálsintan daka

This Kapampángan word or phrase means a deep admiration or one-sided love. This is a selfless kind of love that expects nothing in return. It is often used to express love for one’s homeland.

MAL / Pákamálan daka

In Kapampngan, this word means precious or valuable or even love that protects and cherishes. It is similar to the Tagalog phrase “Mahal kita”.

LUGUD / Kaluguran daka

In Kapampángan, this means mutual love or shared affection. This is the most common word for love in Kapampángan. Elders say it should be only said when love is returned to show balance and respect in relationships.

Kulitan

The Kapampángan script is called ______.

Introduction to Kulitan: The Indigenous Kapampángan Script.

The revival of Kulitan began in 2016 through workshops and community classes in Angeles City, Pampanga. This cultural preservation movement is also supported by Michael Raymon M. Pangilinan’s book __________________________.

Michael Raymon M. Pangilinan

The revival of Kulitan began in 2016 through workshops and community classes in Angeles City, Pampanga. This cultural preservation movement is also supported by ________________’s book Introduction to Kulitan: The Indigenous Kapampángan Script.

Keith Liam Manaloto.

Also, as part of the revitalization of script and with the advent of technology, Learn Kulitan mobile appl was developed by ________.