Animal and plant cells

how are new cells formed

when a fully grown cell divides

what are most plant cell walls made up of

cellulose

what group of substance does cellulose belong to

polysaccharides

what forms a strong covering to the cell and how

cellulose

forms fibres which cross cross over one another forming a very strong covering to the cell

what does the cell walls made do for the cell (2)

protects

supports

how is the cell wall fully permeable

spaces between fibres allow for very large molecules to go through the cell walls

what is the cell membrane made up of

very thin layer of protein and fat

what does the cell membrane control

controls what goes in and out of the cell

explain partially membrane

allows some molecules and ions to pass through but not others

what does the cell membrane separate

contents of cell from it’s surroundings

why’s does the cell membrane surround

the cytoplasm

what is the cytoplasm made up of

clear jelly, nearly all water

about what percentage of water is in many cells

70%

what does cytoplasm contain

many substances dissolved in it

what reactions take place in the cytoplasm

metabolic reactions

what is a vacuole

a fluid filled space inside a cell which is surrounded by its own membrane

what type of membrane is a vacuole

permeable

what does the vacuole contain

solution of sugars and other substances called cell sap

nucleus

a structure containing DNA in the form of chromosomes

where in the cell is the genetic information stored

nucleus

what are chromosomes made of

DNA

what does the nucleus store (2)

RNA and DNA

chloroplasts

small structures found in plant cells

what do chloroplasts contain

green pigment called chlorophyll

what do chloroplasts often contain

starch grains

mitochondria

small structure where aerobic respiration releases energy from glucose

aerobic respiration

main way in which cells get energy they need to stay alive

ribosomes

structures in a cell that use the information on DNA to make protein molecules

DNA molecules role in ribosomes

link together long chains of amino acids in a particular sequence