Social psych quiz 6Social Exchange Theory,The idea that human interactions are reciprocal transactions aimed at maximizing rewards and minimizing costs. Norm of Reciprocity,The expectation that helping others will result in equivalent help in return. Matc

Social Exchange Theory

The idea that human interactions are reciprocal transactions aimed at maximizing rewards and minimizing costs.

Norm of Reciprocity

The expectation that helping others will result in equivalent help in return.

Matching Law

People allocate effort in proportion to the reinforcement they have received from each option in the past.

Social Responsibility

The expectation that people should help others in need especially when the cause is situational.

Kin Selection

Altruism toward relatives that increases the survival of shared genes.

Group Selection

Traits evolve because they increase the survival and reproductive success of the group.

Bystander Effect

People are less likely to help when other bystanders are present due to diffusion of responsibility.

Moral Exclusion

Viewing certain groups as outside one's moral concern making their suffering seem irrelevant.

Situational Factors for Helping

Contextual influences like clarity of need or number of bystanders that affect whether people help.

Dispositional Factors for Helping

Individual traits such as personality or socioeconomic status that influence helping behavior.

Social Dilemma

A situation where acting in self-interest benefits the individual but harms the group if everyone does the same.

Conflict

An incompatibility of actions or goals that produces tension or hostility.

Competition

A struggle over resources or goals that often creates intergroup hostility.

Zero-Sum Game

One party's gain equals another party's loss with outcomes summing to zero.

Mirror-Image Perception

Opposing groups see themselves as moral and the other as aggressive or evil.

Tragedy of the Commons

Overuse of a shared resource by individuals causes the resource to collapse.

Robber's Cave Study

A study showing intergroup hostility created through competition and reduced via superordinate goals.

Peace

Achieving harmony through strategies like cooperation contact communication and tension reduction.

Bargaining

Direct negotiation between conflicting parties to reach an agreement.

Conciliation

Small cooperative acts (such as GRIT) used to reduce conflict and encourage reciprocation.

Contact

Interaction between groups that reduces prejudice when conditions like equal status and cooperation are met.

Mediation

A neutral third party helps conflicting sides communicate and suggests solutions.

Perspective-Taking Types

Processes of understanding another's viewpoint either through cognitive understanding or emotional empathy.