specific viruses (19, 21-26)

HIV/AIDS

-HIV is transmitted between used needles, blood, sexually

targets T cells (leads to immunosuppressant immune system) and macrophages

RNA virus- strains keep changing because the reverse transcriptase makes mistakes

a multitude of anti virals are used to treat

untreated or stage 3 HIV will turn to AIDS, when T cell count is below 200, dangerous level

Kaposi’s Sarcoma- herpes, having a tumor because immune system is so compromised

MOTHER TO CHILD, HIV POSITIVE

bind to two receptors, CD4 

no vaccine, too dangerous because it reverse transcriptase makes mistakes, having lots of strains

Rubella (german measles)

can cross the placenta causes Congenital Rubella Syndrome- MMR vaccine- attenuated viruses

no treatment, vaccine present, enter through respiratory tract, rash is shown on the skin

Measles

aka rubeola, Koplik’s spots on mouth and cheek, kills and destroys memory cells, included in MMR vaccine, encephalitis complication, respiratory route transmission, doesn’t receive vaccine until after 1 year old because not effective in early infancy

can cause SSE encephalitis in rare cases 10 years after recovery from this virus 

kills memory cells

Varicella Zoster

herpes virus, causes chickenpox, Reye’s syndrome- damage to brain, profusely vomits, damage to blood vessels, dormant than active causing shingles, resides in ganglia of head, affects nerve tissues- pain on one side of the body

respiratory transmission- through air

Smallpox

respiratory route transmission, effective vaccine for herd immunity- MPOX- less severe than this- made vaccine from this, spread from close contact with infected person

Papillomavirus (HPV)

genital warts, sexually transmitted disease, 3 strains are known to cause cervical cancer, vaccine administered with those strains that cause the cancer

Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV)

1- cold sores in the mouth area, direct contact, latent infection

2- genital herpes, can be spread by skin to skin contact, sex, oral- genital through oral sex, neonatal herpes- babies get it from birth canal

NO vaccine

cytomegalovirus

80% of adults are carriers of this disease, can cross the placenta and cause severe damage to the fetus (CID)

latent disease, but not much affected by immune cells, but can shed it in bodily secretion like breast milk, saliva, and semen- contact with bodily fluids in transmission

no vaccine, but in the works

rhinovirus

common cold, impossible for vaccine because they’re so many strains, respiratory route, direct contact

influenza

vaccine, RNA virus- 8 fragments- hemagglutinin and neuraminidase required to be infectious

changes in genetic codes cause there to be vaccines every year for the new strain- antigenic drift

SARS

infects upper respiratory system, vaccine, coronavirus

RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)

norovirus

mumps

rotavirus

hep A, b, C

Epstein barr virus (EBV)

polio

west nile virus

zika virus

rabies

encephalitis