Substance Related Disorders

Flashcards about Substance Related Disorders

What is the definition of Addiction?

A primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry, leading to pathological pursuit of reward and/or relief by substance use and other behaviors.

What term does DSM-5 use instead of 'Addiction'?

Substance Use Disorders (SUD)

What are the two broad categories of addictive disorders?

Addiction to drugs and alcohol (substances) and Behavioral addictions.

Which behavioral addiction does DSM-5 recognize as a diagnosable disorder?

Gambling Disorder

According to the DSM, how are psychiatric disorders arising from substances classified?

Substance use disorders and substance induced disorders

What is the medical view on addiction?

Addiction is a disease and should be treated as such.

What is the moral view on addiction?

Addiction is a moral decay and weak personality and should be handled accordingly.

What does substance refer to?

Manufactured and naturally occurring psychoactive chemicals

What effect do psychoactive chemicals have on the brain?

They alter the function of the brain when taken.

What constitutes one of the major psychiatric problems?

Problems arising from abusing substances

SRD is…

The commonest cause of psychiatric morbidity in males, and one of the common causes in females

What are the impacts of substance misuse?

Medical, Social, Economic

What factors are included in comparing addictive qualities of drugs?

Dependence, Withdrawal, Tolerance, Reinforcement, and Intoxication

What are the two important rules to remember when diagnosing Substance Related Disorders?

Substance related disorders are diagnosed independent of quantity and frequency of use.

In Ethiopia, which substances are most commonly abused?

Alcohol, Khat, and Nicotine

What is the spectrum of SUD?

Substance Use, Substance Abuse, and Substance Dependence

What are the criteria for Substance Use Disorders (DSM-5)?

Impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria

What is the evidence required for substance-induced mental disorders?

The disorder developed during or within 1 month of substance intoxication or withdrawal; The involved substance/medication is capable of producing the mental d/o.

What is substance Intoxication?

A reversible substance-specific syndrome due to recent ingestion of or exposure to a substance.

What is substance Withdrawal?

A substance-specific syndrome due to the cessation of or reduction in substance use that has been heavy and prolonged.

What are the risk factors for addiction?

Biology/Genes, Environment, Drug, Brain Mechanisms

Why do Mental Illnesses and Substance Abuse Co-occur?

Self-medication, causal effects, and common or correlated causes

What key brain circuits are involved in drug abuse and addiction?

PFC, ACG, OFC, SCC, NAC, VP, Hipp, Amyg

What functions is dopamine involved in?

Movement, Motivation, Addiction, Reward & well-being

Craving

The most persistent and insidious clinical component of addictive illness

What are the main management principles for substance-related disorders?

Psychoeducation, psychosocial treatment, pharmacological treatment, and rehabilitation

What does acute management of SUD entail?

Managing intoxication and withdrawal & Providing nutritional support

What types of treatment are used to maintain abstinence?

Anticraving medications, psychotherapy, and self-help groups