ex 2 fetal spine, hips, and 3D US

A normal baby has how many thoracic ribs?

12

How does the spinal cord appear sonographically?

hypoechoic

A hip that is in normal position at rest, has abnormal movement with stress, but remains within the confines of the acetabulum is which of the following?

lax hip

What is demonstrated on the spine image?

filar cyst

At what level does the conus end?

L2

Conus terminating at L4 with no movement is indicative of?

Tethered cord

At what level is conus abnormally low?

L3

Until what age can US be used to evaluate the spine?

6m

What location is the thickness of the filum terminale measured at?

L5-S1

What is the best patient position?

prone

Volume acquisition has what two types?

manual and automatic

Manual or freehand is the method used for 3D imaging using 2D probe?

true

The greater the alpha angle, the greater the subluxation?

false

The angle that describes the greater the angle, the greater degree of subluxation is?

beta

What type of rendering is best used for fetal face?

surface mode

What type of rendering mode generates only the brightest echoes?

Maximum

What type of rendering mode generates only anechoic or low echoes?

Minimum

Maximum mode is good for visualizing the bladder?

false

What is the fourth dimension in 4D US?

time

4D US acquires 40 volumes per second and only used with MANUAL acquisition?

false

Which type of volume acquisition has a long acquisition time but allows for assessment of the fetal heart?

STIC

What view is the “ball on a spoon”?

coronal

Which of the following is not an indication for a hip US?

they are all indications

The barlow maneuver has hips flexed 90 degrees and ____?

adducted

At what age should hip US not be done?

3-4 weeks

Where does the spinal cord terminate?

conus medullaris

Subluxation is complete dislocation?

false